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. 2024 Oct 23:11:1478815.
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1478815. eCollection 2024.

Association between dietary antioxidant levels and diabetes: a cross-sectional study

Lei Zhou  1 , Xiaoyu Xu  1 , Yize Li  1 , Shuo Zhang  1 , Hong Xie  1
Affiliations

Association between dietary antioxidant levels and diabetes: a cross-sectional study

Lei Zhou et al. Front Nutr. .

Abstract

Background: The onset and progression of diabetes mellitus (DM) is strongly linked to oxidative stress. Previous studies have highlighted the protective effects of individual dietary antioxidants against diabetes. However, the relationship between a comprehensive combination of dietary antioxidants and diabetes has rarely been examined. Therefore, this study assessed the association between various dietary antioxidant intake levels and diabetes among US adults and further investigated potential associations using the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI).

Methods: The study employed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2011 and 2018 for cross-sectional analysis. Dietary information was obtained from two 24-h dietary recall interviews. The CDAI was calculated using intakes of six dietary antioxidants from the dietary information. Multifactorial logistic regression models were employed to investigate the association of different dietary antioxidants and CDAI with DM. The relationship between CDAI and DM was further explored using subgroup analyses and restricted cubic spline curves.

Results: A total of 7,982 subjects (mean age 47.32 ± 16.77 years; 48.50% male and 51.50% female) were included in this study. In the multivariate-adjusted single antioxidant model, vitamin C intake was significantly and negatively associated with diabetes prevalence (P for trend = 0.047), while zinc intake demonstrated a potential trend toward reduced diabetes risk (P for trend = 0.088). This association was similarly observed in the multivariate-adjusted model for the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) in the female population (p = 0.046).

Conclusion: Intake of vitamin C was negatively associated with DM prevalence. Additionally, CDAI was found to reduce the risk of DM in the female population.

Keywords: NHANES; composite dietary antioxidant index; diabetes mellitus; dietary antioxidant; oxidative stress.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
A flowchart showing the selection of study participants.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Subgroup analysis for the association between the CDAI and DM.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Subgroup analysis for the association between the CDAI and DM.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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