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. 2024 Dec;26(4):e13191.
doi: 10.1111/nhs.13191.

Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index: Test-Retest Reliability and Agreement in People With Stroke

Lily Y W Ho  1   2 , Claudia K Y Lai  2 , Shamay S M Ng  1
Affiliations

Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index: Test-Retest Reliability and Agreement in People With Stroke

Lily Y W Ho et al. Nurs Health Sci. 2024 Dec.

Abstract

The cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) is superior to traditional methods of measuring arterial stiffness. However, its application in clinical practice has lagged behind the science. This study aimed to (1) examine its test-retest reliability and agreement between repeated measurements, (2) identify the correlation with fatigue and sleep quality, and (3) compare the CAVI values of the bilateral sides of people with stroke, and those of stroke survivors with and without fatigue. Participants (n = 67) were assessed using the CAVI, Fatigue Assessment Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The test-retest reliability ranged from 0.77 to 0.86. The Bland-Altman plots showed good agreement between test and retest. The standard error of measurement ranged from 0.59 to 0.66. The minimal detectable change ranged from 1.15 to 1.29. The CAVI values of the bilateral sides correlated with fatigue and those at the paretic side correlated with sleep quality. The CAVI values of the paretic side were higher than those of the non-paretic side in people with stroke. Stroke participants with fatigue had higher CAVI values than those without fatigue. CAVI has good test-retest reliability and agreement between repeated measurements for clinical use.

Keywords: cardio‐ankle vascular index; fatigue; sleep quality; stroke; vascular stiffness.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Measurements of the cardio‐ankle vascular index.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Bland–Altman plots of the cardio‐ankle vascular index. (A) T1–T2 test–retest of the paretic side. (B) T1–T2 test–retest of the non‐paretic side. (C) T1–T3 test–retest of the paretic side. (D) T1–T3 test–retest of the non‐paretic side. The solid line represents the mean difference, and the dotted lines represent two standard deviations above and below the mean difference, i.e., the 95% upper and lower limits of agreement.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Scatterplots for correlations between (A) the CAVI of the paretic side and the Fatigue Assessment Scale score; (B) the CAVI of the non‐paretic side and the Fatigue Assessment Scale score; (C) the CAVI of the paretic side and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score; and (D) the CAVI of the non‐paretic side and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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