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Review
. 2024 Nov;130(6):1203-1212.
doi: 10.1002/jso.27979. Epub 2024 Nov 7.

Imaging of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies

Damiano Caruso  1 , Paolo Sammartino  2 , Michela Polici  1   3 , Giorgio Masci  4 , Daniele Biacchi  2 , Marta Zerunian  1 , Daniele Scuto  2 , Maria Gloria Gallotti  2 , Franco Iafrate  4 , Andrea Laghi  1
Affiliations
Review

Imaging of Peritoneal Surface Malignancies

Damiano Caruso et al. J Surg Oncol. 2024 Nov.

Abstract

Management of peritoneal surface malignancies is currently entrusted to a multimodality approach. Computed tomography (CT) scan remains the first imaging method despite the limitations in identifying small implants in critical regions. Magnetic resonance imaging is usually recommended for its performance in small implants, mesentery, and small bowel assessment. Positron emission tomography/CT plays an important role only in pseudomyxoma peritonei. Thus, becoming aware of the imaging strengths and drawbacks and having a multimodality imaging approach might be the best option for the patients.

Keywords: neoplasm metastasis; neoplasms; peritoneum; radiology.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Thickening and enhancement of peritoneal reflections (white arrowheads) with ascites (white star) (A and B). Thickening of right diaphragm (C) with the scalloping of liver surface (white arrows).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Female, 73‐year old, affected by gastric cancer with peritoneal involvement with micronodular (A, white arrowheads), nodular (B and C, white arrows), and plaque‐like (C, white stars) implants.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Cystic implants of pseudomyxoma peritonei (arrows) deriving from appendiceal tumor (arrowhead) on computed tomography images (A and B) with intraoperative and histological correlations (C and D).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Male, 68‐year old, affected by gastric cancer with stranding and thickening of the omentum (omental cake) (A, white arrowheads), confirmed at surgical inspection (B, white arrowheads).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Diffuse thickening of mesentery with involvement of small bowel loop and occlusion (white arrows).
Figure 6
Figure 6
Female, 82‐year old, on computed tomography portal venous phase (A) and magnetic resonance imaging T2w (B), affected by colon cancer with peritoneal carcinomatosis and ascites (white and black stars in A and B, respectively).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Female, 56‐year old, affected by peritoneal mesothelioma with loculated ascites on computed tomography portal venous phase (A) and magnetic resonance imaging T2w (B) (white arrows).
Figure 8
Figure 8
Female, 68‐year old, affected by gastric cancer with calcifications (white arrowheads).
Figure 9
Figure 9
Schematic representation of Peritoneal Cancer Index and Completeness of Cytoreduction score.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Imaging modalities in preoperative setting: Current evidence. CT, computed tomography; 18F‐FDG; 18 F‐2‐deoxy‐2‐fluro‐d‐glucose; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; PET, positron emission tomography; PMP, pseudomyxoma peritonei; PSMs, peritoneal surface malignancies.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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