[Viral uveitis in the tropics]

Abstract

Tropical regions are characterized by a hot and humid climate that promotes the emergence or resurgence of endemic or epidemic levels of microorganisms such as viruses. Emerging viral infections are mostly inapparent, mild, or non-specific (flu-like syndrome), but they may include serious, potentially disabling or life-threatening complications. A wide array of ocular manifestations has been recently described in association with specific emerging viral infections, including arboviruses, Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1), and Ebola. Emerging viral disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ocular inflammatory conditions in patients living in or returning from endemic regions. Diagnosis of emerging viral infection is confirmed with either real time polymerase chain reaction or serology. Management consists of supportive care, as there are currently no specific antiviral drug options. Corticosteroids are often used for the treatment of associated ocular inflammation. Most patients have a good visual prognosis, but there may be permanent visual impairment in some due to ocular structural complications. Prophylactic measures are essential to prevent human infection and disease.

Keywords: Arbovirus; Chikungunya; Dengue; Ebola; Fièvre de la vallée du Rift; Fièvre jaune; HTLV-1; Rift Valley fever; Uveitis; Uvéite; Virus West Nile; West Nile virus; Yellow fever; Zika.