Burden of care among caregivers of people with mental illness in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Caring for people with mental illness requires a significant investment of personal physical, mental, social, and financial resources, which greatly impact the daily lives of caregivers. The process of providing care is multifaceted and intricate, involving both positive and negative emotional responses. Burden of care is a term used to describe the negative effects of caregivers' burden on their physical, psychological, social, and economic well-being. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to provide an overview of the most recent information available regarding the pooled prevalence of burden of care among people with mental illness in Africa.

Methods: In this study, we followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), which is a suitable guideline for reports of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The PROSPERO protocol number for this review is CRD42024499138. To find publications for the systematic review and meta-analysis, we used PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) for cross-sectional study quality assessment was employed to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies included in this review. The data was extracted in Microsoft Excel, and then it was exported into STATA 11.0 for analysis. A funnel plot and an objective examination of Egger's regression test were used to check for publication bias.

Results: We have included 12 studies conducted in African countries with 2156 study participants, of whom 1176 (54.55%) were female individuals. In this meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of burden of care among caregivers of people with mental illness in Africa was 61.73 (95% CI: 51.25-72.21%). Further, in subgroup analysis regarding the study country, the pooled prevalence of carer burden among caregivers of people with mental illness in Egypt and Nigeria was 79.19% and 55.22%, respectively.

Conclusion: This review found a high pooled prevalence of caregiver burden related to mental illness in Africa. To minimize the challenges faced by individuals with mental illnesses, as well as the burden on their caregivers, stakeholders may find these findings useful for addressing prevention, early screening, and management.

Keywords: Africa; Associated factors; Burden of care; Family burden; Mental illness; Prevalence.

Fig. 1

PRISMA flowchart of review search on the prevalence of burden of care among caregivers of people with mental illness in Africa

Fig. 2

Forest plot of the pooled prevalence of burden of care among caregivers of people with mental illness in Africa

Fig. 3

Forest plot, on subgroup analysis based on the study country, of the pooled prevalence of burden of care among caregivers of people with mental illness in Africa

Fig. 4

Forest plot, on subgroup analysis based on care recipients’ illness, of the pooled prevalence of burden of care among caregivers of people with mental illness in Africa

Fig. 5

Forest plot, on subgroup analysis based on the domain of caregiver participants, of the pooled prevalence of burden of care among caregivers of people with mental illness in Africa

Fig. 6

Forest plot, on subgroup analysis based on the assessment tool, of the pooled prevalence of burden of care among caregivers of people with mental illness in Africa

Fig. 7

Funnel plot showing publication bias of prevalence of burden of care among caregivers of people with mental illness in Africa

Fig. 8

Sensitivity analysis of prevalence of burden of care among caregivers of people with mental illness in Africa, a study being removed at a time: prevalence and 95% CI (The analysis is based on Random effect model)

Fig. 9

Forest plot showing different associated factors of burden of care among burden of care among caregivers of people with mental illness in Africa