Mother-child closeness and adolescent structural neural networks: a prospective longitudinal study of low-income families

Abstract

Mother-child closeness, a mutually trusting and affectionate bond, is an important factor in shaping positive youth development. However, little is known about the neural pathways through which mother-child closeness is related to brain organization. Utilizing a longitudinal sample primarily from low-income families (N = 181; 76% African American youth and 54% female), this study investigated the associations between mother-child closeness at ages 9 and 15 years and structural connectivity organization (network integration, robustness, and segregation) at age 15 years. The assessment of mother-child closeness included perspectives from both mother and child. The results revealed that greater mother-child closeness is linked with increased global efficiency and transitivity, but not with modularity. Specifically, both the mother's and child's reports of closeness at age 15 years predicted network metrics, but report at age 9 years did not. Our findings suggest that mother-child closeness is associated with neural white matter organization, as adolescents who experienced greater mother-child closeness displayed topological properties indicative of more integrated and robust structural networks.

Keywords: adolescent brain development; maternal closeness; positive parenting; structural connectivity organizations.

Figure 1.

The association between mother–child closeness and the topological properties of the structural neural network architecture was investigated.

Figure 2.

Visual representation of the white matter connectome at age 15 years. The left side represents individuals with greater mother–child closeness, characterized by high global efficiency and transitivity, while the right side represents those with less mother–child closeness, characterized by low global efficiency and transitivity. The circles represent nodes located in different brain regions, including frontal lateral, frontal medial, orbitofrontal, temporal, limbic, subcortical, parietal, and occipital. The lines represent the edges, which denote structural connectivity between brain regions.