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. 2024 Jul-Sep;15(3):149-157.
doi: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_433_23. Epub 2024 Sep 25.

Effect of Chlorhexidine and Povidone-iodine Mouth Rinses on Corrosion Resistance and Surface Characteristics of Stainless Steel Orthodontic Brackets - An in vitro and in vivo Study

Ragul Pugalendhi  1 , N K Sapna Varma  1 , Parvathy Ghosh  1 , V V Ajith  1 , Deepika Jayakrishnan Nair  1
Affiliations

Effect of Chlorhexidine and Povidone-iodine Mouth Rinses on Corrosion Resistance and Surface Characteristics of Stainless Steel Orthodontic Brackets - An in vitro and in vivo Study

Ragul Pugalendhi et al. Contemp Clin Dent. 2024 Jul-Sep.

Abstract

Background: Stainless steel (SS) orthodontic brackets may have varying corrosion resistance when used with mouthwashes during orthodontic treatment. Studying their effects on orthodontic brackets will be beneficial.

Aim: The study's objective was to analyze the surface characteristics of SS orthodontic brackets and their resistance to corrosion, exposed to chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine mouth rinses - an in vitro and in vivo study.

Materials and methods: The in vitro test: MBT 0.022" slot SS orthodontic brackets were immersed in three groups - Group A - Modified Meyer-Fusayama artificial saliva (AS), Group B - Chlorhexidine, and Group C - Povidone-iodine mouthwash. The in vivo test: Brackets were conventionally bonded on the patient's teeth and divided into Group I - control group, Group II - patients used chlorhexidine, and Group III used povidone-iodine mouth rinse. The corrosion resistance and surface characteristics of SS brackets were determined using scanning electron microscope (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.

Results: Higher corrosion resistance was obtained for brackets immersed in chlorhexidine mouth rinse. The polarization resistance value of the orthodontic SS bracket was 109 MΩ, 1383 MΩ, and 769 MΩ immersed in AS, chlorhexidine, and povidone-iodine mouth rinse, respectively. After surface chemical analysis, XPS data showed the largest intensity peak of metallic chromium (CrO) fresh sample and in the sample immersed in chlorhexidine mouthwash. According to SEM, brackets immersed in chlorhexidine showed a relatively smooth surface.

Conclusion: In this study, chlorhexidine was found to be less corrosive followed by povidone-iodine.

Keywords: Chlorhexidine mouth rinse; corrosion resistance; orthodontic brackets; povidone-iodine mouth rinse; surface characteristics.

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Conflict of interest statement

There are no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
0.022” slot MBT bracket system (AO mini master upper premolar bracket)
Figure 2
Figure 2
Flow chart of in vitro and in vivo study setup
Graph 1
Graph 1
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy Nyquist Plot for (a) Day 0, (b) day 1, (c) day 7, (d) day 28, (e) day 90. AS: Artificial saliva, CHX: Chlorhexidine, PVD: Povidone iodine
Graph 2
Graph 2
XPS Survey spectra of orthodontic stainless-steel brackets immersed in electrolyte solution for 7-day duration (a) fresh sample, (b) artificial saliva, (c) chlorhexidine mouth rinse, (d) povidone-iodine mouth rinse. AS: Artificial saliva, CHX: Chlorhexidine, PVD: Povidone-iodine
Graph 3
Graph 3
High-resolution XPS spectra of Cr2 2p3/2, Fe 2p3/2, Co 2p3/2, Ni2 2p3/2. (a) Fresh sample, (b) artificial saliva, (c) chlorhexidine mouth rinse, (d) povidone-iodine mouth rinse
Figure 3
Figure 3
Scanning electron microscope images of stainless steel orthodontic bracket immersed in artificial saliva, chlorhexidine mouth rinse, and povidone-iodine comparison between day 0 and day 1, day 7, day 28, and day 90 at (a) ×100, (b) ×500, and (c) ×1000. CHX: Chlorhexidine, PVD: Povidone iodine
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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