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. 2024 Jun 29;65(4):208-215.
doi: 10.47371/mycosci.2024.05.003. eCollection 2024.

Life cycle and mating compatibility in the Japanese white jelly mushroom, Tremella yokohamensis

Nanthawan Kaeoniwong  1 , Kozue Sotome  2 , Tsuyoshi Ichiyanagi  2 , Norihiro Shimomura  2 , Tadanori Aimi  2
Affiliations

Life cycle and mating compatibility in the Japanese white jelly mushroom, Tremella yokohamensis

Nanthawan Kaeoniwong et al. Mycoscience. .

Abstract

In this study, white jelly mushrooms that were collected in Tottori Prefecture, Japan, were identified as Tremella yokohamensis by phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA-ITS region. Fluorescent microscopic analysis using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining to visualize the nuclei in each cell revealed that basidiospores isolated from the fruiting body were monokaryotic. Furthermore, monokaryotic yeasts were germinated from these basidiospores and the resulting crossed mycelium was dikaryotic and bore clamp cells, suggesting a heterothallic lifecycle for this species. Crossing between compatible yeast strains, such as TUFC 101924 and TUFC 101925, that were isolated from the same fruiting body, successfully induced development of the filamentous stage bearing clamp connections after 7 d of incubation on Kagome vegetable juice agar medium. Mating compatibility tests employing 15 basidiospore isolates revealed that this fungus possess a bipolar mating system. The results indicated that T. yokohamensis is a heterothallic and bipolar mushroom.

Keywords: Cryptococcus; DAPI; bipolar; dimorphic fungus; heterothallic.

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Figures

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Fig. 1 - Phylogenetic tree constructed from the internal transcribed spacer sequences of Tremella yokohamensis and closely related species using the Neighbor-joining method implemented in the MEGA software package (version 11). Bootstrap values were calculated from 1,000 replicates (≥ 50%). The scientific names and the accession numbers of the sequences of the species used in this study are indicated in bold. Ramaria pallidissima (ZT Myc 55616) was used as an outgroup. The dashed box shows the bipolar mating type and the dotted box shows the tetrapolar mating type. The bar indicates a patristic distance of 0.05 substitutions per site.
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Fig. 2 - Colony morphologies of Tremella yokohamensis cultured on KVJ agar medium. A, B: Basidiospore isolates TUFC101925 and TUFC101924, respectively. C: Cross between compatible yeast cells (TUFC101924 × TUFC101925), with whitish hyphae appearing at the periphery of the yeast colony. D: Cross between incompatible yeast cells; no hyphae appear at periphery of the yeast colony.
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Fig. 3 - Mycelial elongation in a cross of Tremella yokohamensis TUFC101924 × TUFC101925 strains on KVJ agar medium observed under a light microscope. Bars: 100 μm.
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Fig. 4 - Morphological characteristics of Tremella yokohamensis. A: Light micrograph of basidiospores. B: Fluorescence micrograph of basidiospores after staining with DAPI, the white arrows indicate the position of nuclei. C: Light micrograph of yeast cells. D: Fluorescence micrograph of yeast cells, the white arrows indicate the position of nuclei. E, F: Light micrograph of secondary mycelia with clamp connection after crossing between T. yokohamensis TUFC101924 × TUFC101925. G: Fluorescence micrograph of staining with DAPI and Calcofluor White, the yellow arrow indicates the position of a septum and the white arrows indicate the position of nuclei. Bars: 10 μm.
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Fig. 5 - Proposed life cycle of Tremella yokohamensis.
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References

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