Anthropometric and mechanical factors determining sprint in young soccer players: a brief report

Abstract

Sprint performance is a critical factor in soccer. While previous studies have extensively explored the biomechanical, physiological, and metabolic determinants of sprinting, the impact of anthropometric variables in team sports contexts, especially soccer, remains underexplored. This study aims to investigate the influence of anthropometric and mechanical variables on sprint performance in young soccer players. Fifty-eight young soccer players were evaluated in anthropometry and a 30-meter (m) sprint using radar technology. Split times in 5, 15, and 30 m were determined, in addition to the assessment of the force-velocity profile proposed by Morin and Samozino. Results: Key anthropometric variables associated with improved sprint performance included lower-limb muscle mass at distances 5 and 15 m (R ² = 0.08 and R ² = 0.09, respectively, both with small effects). Additionally, body composition, particularly a lower % body fat, was crucial across all sprint distances (ES: large). Among the mechanical variables, max power (R ² = 0.997, ES: large) and maximum velocity (R ² = 0.553, ES: large) are the mechanical variables that were most strongly associated with sprint performance over distances greater than 30 m. Soccer coaches, athletic trainers, and strength and conditioning specialists working with young athletes can apply the findings of this study to their training programming.

Keywords: anthropometry; athletic performance; force-velocity profile; motion analysis; soccer.

Figure 1

Kinetics: horizontal and vertical force applied (–9, 16, 17); propulsive and braking impulses (, –20); stiffness (21, 22); stretch-shortening cycle (21, 22), kinematics: angular acceleration (17, 23, 24), technical determinants: step length, rate, and distance, stride frequency and foot contact duration (18); timing of the contralateral arm and leg swing, asymmetry between the right and left swing side leg (25), morphological determinants; height (13), body mass (11, 12), less fat mass (26), cross-sectional area of leg muscles (–30), length of muscle fascicles (31), strength calf muscles (32), somatotype (33); physiologic determinants: muscle fiber ratio or the expression of the ACTN3 gene (14, 34); sex differences and maturation (, –37), anaerobic metabolism (15).