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. 2024 Oct 30:12:e133976.
doi: 10.3897/BDJ.12.e133976. eCollection 2024.

Using biodiversity databases to assess vascular plant diversity in Protected Areas: a case study of Parque Estadual do Forno Grande, Brazil

Thuane Bochorny  1 , Guilherme M Antar  2 , Igor H F Azevedo  3 , Fernando Bianchi Junior  4 , Tatiana T Carrijo  5 , Valquiria F Dutra  6 , André P Fontana  7 , Claudio N Fraga  1 , Samuele Gerace  1 , Leandro L Giacomin  8 , André S B Gil  9 , Renato Goldenberg  10 , Diego R Gonzaga  11 , Gustavo Heiden  12 , Ingrid Koch  13 , Ludovic J C Kollmann  14 , Paulo H Labiak  10 , Duane F Lima  15 , Gabriel M Marcusso  1 , Pedro L R Moraes  16 , Filipe Torres-Leite  13 , Pedro L Viana  14 , Rafaela C Forzza  1   17
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Using biodiversity databases to assess vascular plant diversity in Protected Areas: a case study of Parque Estadual do Forno Grande, Brazil

Thuane Bochorny et al. Biodivers Data J. .

Abstract

Background: The Parque Estadual do Forno Grande is a fully protected area in the southern Espírito Santo State, Brazil. It belongs to the Atlantic Forest domain, with predominantly dense, ombrophilous, seasonal semi-deciduous forests and herbaceous/shrubby vegetation on rock outcrops. The area is recognised as highly important for conservation, designated as a priority biological area for protecting the Atlantic Forest's biodiversity. Although the importance of Protected Areas in conserving the Atlantic Forest biodiversity is unquestionable, it is crucial to understand the floristic patterns within these regions to develop effective conservation strategies. We utilised national online databases to compile species lists containing relevant information about their biodiversity. The updated list of vascular plants recorded in the Parque Estadual do Forno Grande is available in the "Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil" and it is presented here with further information on richness, endemism and conservation status.

New information: The Parque Estadual do Forno Grande harbours 958 species of vascular plants, of which 79.2% are angiosperms, 18.4% are ferns and 2.4% are lycophytes. Amongst these species, 44% are endemic to the Atlantic Forest. There are 58 threatened species, of which six are Critically Endangered, 39 are Endangered and 13 are Vulnerable. Amongst the threatened species, 51 are endemic to the Atlantic Forest. The number of records and the species richness in this area are notably high for Atlantic Forest standards. Our findings suggest that floristic inventories of Brazilian Protected Areas are a key contribution to the general perception of how much we still do not know about our flora. It also highlights the necessity of supporting floristic surveys in poorly-known areas, especially those remaining as forest remnants.

Keywords: Atlantic Forest; Catálogo de Plantas das Unidades de Conservação do Brasil; Protected Areas; conservation; taxonomy.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Workflow for data cleaning and elaboration of the species list for Parque Estadual do Forno Grande, Brazil. The specimens kept on the list are shown in green, while the specimens removed are shown in orange. The specimens that were not determined to species, but were later included by a taxonomist are shown in purple.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Map of the Parque Estadual do Forno Grande (PEFG). A Location of Espírito Santo State in Brazil; B PEFG area and perimeter; C Location of PEFG in the Espírito Santo State; D PEFG limits (perimeter coordinates represented by their record numbers, map adapted from IEMA 2013).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Landscapes and vegetation types of the Parque Estadual do Forno Grande, Espírito Santo, Brazil. A Dense montane and high-montane ombrophilous forests; B Rocky outcrops amongst the high-altitude forests characterised by predominantly herbaceous/shrubby rupicolous vegetation; C “Pico do Forno Grande,” a large granite massif and the second-highest point in Espírito Santo (Photos: Claudio N. Fraga).
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Angiosperms of Parque Estadual do Forno Grande, Espírito Santo, Brazil. A Billbergiaeuphemiae E.Morren; B Eugeniarepanda O.Berg; C Tripogandradiuretica (Mart.) Handlos; D Solanumluridifuscescens Bitter; E Hippeastrumbrasilianum (Traub & J.L.Doran) Dutilh; F Tetrapterysmucronata Cav.; G Leandramultiplinervis (Naudin) Cogn.; H Dichorisandraprocera Mart. ex Schult. F.; I Stigmaphyllonalternifolium A.Juss.; J Prepusaviridiflora Brade; K. Pleiochitonblepharodes (DC.) Reginato et al; L Bradeamontana Brade; M Cattleyacinnabarina (Bateman ex Lindl.) van den Berg; N Clusiamexiae P.F.Stevens; O Pleromacastellense (Brade) P.J.F.Guim. & Michelang (Photos: A, B, C, D, F, G, H, I, L, M, N, O: Claudio N. Fraga; E, J: Paulo Labiak; K: Renato Goldenberg).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Ferns and lycophytes of Parque Estadual do Forno Grande, Espírito Santo, Brazil. A Phlegmariurushexastichus (B.Øllg. & P.G.Windisch) B.Øllg.; B Diphasiastrumthyoides Willd.; C Cheiroglossapalmata (L.) C.Presl; D Diplaziumlindbergii (Mett.) Christ; E Aspleniumgastonis Fée; F Phlegmariurusreflexus (Lam.) Trevis.; G Hymenophyllumcaudiculatum Mart.; H Elaphoglossumprestonii (Baker) J.Sm.; I Blotiellalindeniana (Hook.) R.M.Tryon; J Eupodiumkaulfussii (J.Sm.) J.Sm.; K Aspleniumoligophyllum Kaulf.; L Peclumafilicula (Kaulf.) M.G.Price; M Doryopterissagittifolia (Raddi) J.Sm.; N Aspleniumpseudonitidum Raddi; O Trichomanespilosum Raddi (Photos: A, B, C, E, F, K, L, M, N, O: Paulo Labiak; G, H, I, J: Claudio N. Fraga).
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Number of species by plant groups in the Parque Estadual do Forno Grande, Espírito Santo, Brazil., A. Angiosperms, ferns and lycophytes; B. Richest families; C. Richest genera of angiosperms; D. Richest families of ferns in Parque Estadual do Forno Grande, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
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