Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2024 Oct 24:15:1442227.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1442227. eCollection 2024.

Long non-coding RNAs: regulators of autophagy and potential biomarkers in therapy resistance and urological cancers

Shizong Wang  1   2 , Yang Bai  1   2 , Jie Ma  1   2 , Liang Qiao  1   2 , Mingqing Zhang  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Long non-coding RNAs: regulators of autophagy and potential biomarkers in therapy resistance and urological cancers

Shizong Wang et al. Front Pharmacol. .

Abstract

The non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) comprise a large part of human genome that mainly do not code for proteins. Although ncRNAs were first believed to be non-functional, the more investigations highlighted tthe possibility of ncRNAs in controlling vital biological processes. The length of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) exceeds 200 nucleotidesand can be present in nucleus and cytoplasm. LncRNAs do not translate to proteins and they have been implicated in the regulation of tumorigenesis. On the other hand, One way cells die is by a process called autophagy, which breaks down proteins and other components in the cytoplasm., while the aberrant activation of autophagy allegedly involved in the pathogenesis of diseases. The autophagy exerts anti-cancer activity in pre-cancerous lesions, while it has oncogenic function in advanced stages of cancers. The current overview focuses on the connection between lncRNAs and autophagy in urological cancers is discussed. Notably, one possible role for lncRNAs is as diagnostic and prognostic variablesin urological cancers. The proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis and therapy response in prostate, bladder and renal cancers are regulated by lncRNAs. The changes in autophagy levels can also influence the apoptosis, proliferation and therapy response in urological tumors. Since lncRNAs have modulatory functions, they can affect autophagy mechanism to determine progression of urological cancers.

Keywords: autophagy and apoptosis; biomarkers; bladder cancer; non-coding RNAs; prostate cancer; renal cancer; therapy resistance.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
The mechanism of action of lncRNAs in the regulation of tumorigenesis.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
An overview of major urological cancers.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
The function of lncRNAs in prostate cancer.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
The function of lncRNAs in bladder cancer.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Adnane S., Marino A., Leucci E. (2022). LncRNAs in human cancers: signal from noise. Trends cell Biol. 32 (7), 565–573. 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.01.006 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Ahrens M., Scheich S., Hartmann A., Bergmann L., Society I.-NIWGKC. G. C. (2019). Non-clear cell renal cell carcinoma-pathology and treatment options. Oncol. Res. Treat. 42 (3), 128–135. 10.1159/000495366 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Alexandrov L. B., Nik-Zainal S., Wedge D. C., Aparicio S. A., Behjati S., Biankin A. V., et al. (2013). Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer. Nature 500 (7463), 415–421. 10.1038/nature12477 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Alfarouk K. O., Stock C.-M., Taylor S., Walsh M., Muddathir A. K., Verduzco D., et al. (2015). Resistance to cancer chemotherapy: failure in drug response from ADME to P-gp. Cancer cell Int. 15 (1), 71–13. 10.1186/s12935-015-0221-1 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Alharbi K. S., Almalki W. H., Makeen H. A., Albratty M., Meraya A. M., Nagraik R., et al. (2022). Role of Medicinal plant‐derived Nutraceuticals as a potential target for the treatment of breast cancer. J. Food Biochem. 46 (12), e14387. 10.1111/jfbc.14387 - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources