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. 2024 Nov 8;14(1):27269.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79003-z.

Biogenic silver nanoparticles incorporated hydrogel beads for anticancer and antibacterial activities

Vyshnavi T Veetil #  1   2 , Vidhu Jayakrishnan #  1   2 , Vaisakh Aravindan  1   2 , Anakha D Rajeeve  1   2 , Sreekanth Koolath  1   2 , Ramasamy Yamuna  3   4
Affiliations

Biogenic silver nanoparticles incorporated hydrogel beads for anticancer and antibacterial activities

Vyshnavi T Veetil et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Green nanotechnology is an effective treatment approach being used in cancer research with less adverse effects. This work describes the incorporation of silver nanoparticles synthesized from clitoria ternatea plant extract (Ag@CT NPs) into sodium alginate and gelatin polymer blends (SA/GEL) to produce Ag@CT-SA/GEL polymer beads using calcium chloride (CaCl2) crosslinking agent. Both the formation and the effective incorporation of Ag@CT NPs into polymer blend have been proven by various spectroscopic analysis, surface morphology study and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Ag@CT NPs and Ag@CT-SA/GEL demonstrate good antibacterial and antioxidant activities comparable to commercially available drug. Dimethyl thiazolyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) anticancer assay and apoptosis study of plant extract and Ag@CT NPs against lung cancer cell lines clearly indicate that Ag@CT-SA/GEL polymer bead can serve as an effective anticancer agent.

Keywords: Antibacterial; Anticancer; Antioxidant; Gelatin; Silver nanoparticle; Sodium alginate.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic representation of the formation of Ag@CT-SA/GEL polymer beads.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
UV–Visible spectrum of Ag@CT NPs.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
HR-TEM images of Ag@CT NPs at various scale (a) 100 nm (b) 10 nm (c) EDX spectra of Ag@CT NPs.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
SEM images of (a) SA/GEL and (b) Ag@CT-SA/GEL, (c) EDX spectra of Ag@CT-SA/GEL, (d) merged elemental distribution image of Ag@CT-SA/GEL (e) individual distribution images of elements.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
XRD pattern of SA/GEL and Ag@CT-SA/GEL.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
FT-IR spectrum of (a) CT (b) Ag@CT NPs (c) SA/GEL and (d) Ag@CT-SA/GEL.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Antibacterial activity of Ag@CT NPs tested against (a) E. coli (b) S. aureus & antibacterial activity of Ag@CT-SA/GEL polymer bead tested against (c) E. coli (d) S. aureus.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Antibacterial mechanism of Ag NPs.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
Antioxidant activity of Ag@CT NPs, Ag@CT-SA/GEL and control. Data is expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3).
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
% Cell viability of CT and Ag-@CT NPs against A549 cells. The data is expressed as mean ± SD (n = 3).
Fig. 11
Fig. 11
Morphological appearance of A549 cells in phase contrast microscopy for (a) Control (b) CT and (c) Control (d) Ag@CT NPs.
Fig. 12
Fig. 12
Anticancer mechanism of Ag NPs.
Fig. 13
Fig. 13
Apoptotic development and morphological changes in A549 lung cancer cells upon treatment with (a) control (b) CT (c) control and (d) Ag@CT NPs.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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