Glaucoma medication non-adherence rate and associated barriers among glaucoma patients in Hawassa, Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: The estimated number peoples aged 40 to 80 years affected with glaucoma were 76.0 million in 2020 and 111.8 in 2040 globally. The estimated number peoples aged 40 to 80 years affected with glaucoma were 76.0 million in 2020 and 111.8 in 2040. This study identified glaucoma medication non-adherence rates and associated barriers among patients with glaucoma attending Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 340 patients diagnosed with glaucoma who were administered ocular hypotensive medication at least for one week before current visit and those who were diagnosed and prescribed the medication, currently presented to the hospital as new attendant. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data was collected using a validated questionnaire by interviewing patients and reviewing their medical charts from May 01 to November 30, 2022. The collected data checked for completeness, entered to SPSS 22. Descriptive and binary logistic regression analysis were done using the software. The findings were presented using tables and Pie-charts. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was used to indicate statistical significance.

Results: About 340 patients participated in this study with response rate of 90%. More than half of them (59.4%) were male. Mean age of the study participants was 60.2 ± 3.17SD years. The majority came from rural areas (186 (54.71%). Approximately 62.4% of them were with bilateral glaucoma while 47.10% were at advanced stage at least in one eye. The glaucoma non-adherence rate was 54.71% (95% CI; 50.90-58.50). Forgetfulness (AOR 28.32 (95% CI;14.80-54.16), difficulty with schedule AOR 2.52 (95% CI;1.009-6.29), believing eye drops were not effective AOR 6.35 (95% CI;1.17-34.49) and poor self-efficacy AOR 10.96 (95% CI;1.26-95.57) were barriers significantly associated with non-adherence.

Conclusion and recommendation: The nonadherence rate to glaucoma medication among patients with glaucoma attending Hawassa University comprehensive hospital was high (54.71%). Forgetfulness, difficulty with schedule, belief that the drug was not effective and poor self-efficacy were barriers associated with glaucoma medication non-adherence. Health workers better to properly council and inform the patients about the disease nature, goal of treatment, danger of nonadherence to administered medication and mechanism to increase their adherence such as setting reminder.

Keywords: Barriers to glaucoma adherence; Ethiopia; Glaucoma medication non- adherence.

Fig. 1

Proportion of adherence to glaucoma medication among patients with glaucoma attending HUCSH