Acetaldehyde may mediate reinforcement and aversion produced by ethanol. An examination using a conditioned taste-aversion paradigm

Abstract

Groups of water-deprived rats were exposed to acetaldehyde, ethanol or vehicle control. On the conditioning day, the animals were first presented with a solution of saccharin after which the animals that were exposed to acetaldehyde received ethanol and those exposed to ethanol received acetaldehyde. Saccharin was again presented on three more occasions (testing days) without injection of drug. Using the percentage change in saccharin consumed from the first presentation as a measure of aversion, it was found that exposure to acetaldehyde blocked the taste aversion conditioned by ethanol. Animals exposed to ethanol showed no aversion to the saccharin which was paired with a small dose of acetaldehyde, indicating a symmetrical relationship between ethanol and acetaldehyde at this dose. However, exposure with ethanol did not block the aversion produced by conditioning with larger doses of acetaldehyde. These results suggest that the mechanism underlying the smaller dose of the taste aversion conditioned with acetaldehyde may be central while the mechanism underlying the larger dose is probably peripheral.