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. 2024 Nov 1;16(21):3095.
doi: 10.3390/polym16213095.

Dual-Template Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with High Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Sulfonamide Antibiotics in Environmental Water Samples

Yuhao Wen  1 , Mingyang Hou  1   2 , Xingkai Hao  3 , Dani Sun  1   2 , Hao Zhang  1 , Farooq Saqib  3 , Wenhui Lu  4 , Huitao Liu  2 , Lingxin Chen  1 , Jinhua Li  1   2
Affiliations

Dual-Template Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction Combined with High Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Sulfonamide Antibiotics in Environmental Water Samples

Yuhao Wen et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

In this study, we designed a molecularly imprinted polymers-dispersive solid-phase extraction-high-performance liquid chromatography (MIPs-DSPE-HPLC) method, as a simple and efficient platform for the sensitive detection of two sulfonamide antibiotics (SAs) of sulfamethoxine (SMM) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in environmental water samples. Using SMM and SMZ as templates, methacrylic acid as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinking agent, and azodiisobutyronitrile as the catalyst, the dual-template molecularly imprinted polymers (dt-MIPs) were successfully synthesized via surface imprinting technology and multi-template imprinting strategy. The adsorption properties of the prepared MIPs were characterized, and the adsorption capacities of MIPs towards SMZ and SMM were 27.35 mg/g and 30.92 mg/g, respectively. The detection limits of the method in three environmental water samples were in the range of 0.23-1.74 μg/L, and the recoveries were between 82.7 and 110.3%, with relative standard deviations less than 5.93%. The construction process of this MIPs-DSPE-HPLC method is straightforward, exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity, and thus provides a versatile method for the quantification of SAs in complex matrices.

Keywords: dispersive solid-phase extraction; dual-template imprinting; environmental water; molecularly imprinted polymers; sulfonamide antibiotics.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic diagrams of the dt-MIPs’ preparation (up) and DSPE-HPLC process (below).
Figure 2
Figure 2
SEM images of (a) SiO2, (b) MIPs, and (c) NIPs.
Figure 3
Figure 3
FT-IR spectra of nanoparticles (a) MPS@SiO2; (b) SiO2; and (c) MIPs@MPS@SiO2.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Adsorption performance: static adsorption curves of (a) SMZ and (b) SMM; dynamic adsorption curves of (c) SMZ and (d) SMM; and (e) selectivity of MIPs and NIPs for the four SAs.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effects of different conditions for extraction efficiency of DSPE: (a) MIPs’ dosage, (b) sample pH, (c) extraction time, (d) volume of elution solvent, and (e) desorption time.
Figure 6
Figure 6
HPLC chromatogram of sample: (a) seawater sample, (a1) blank sample, (a2) spiked with 30 μg/L, (a3) spiked with 100 μg/L; (b) tap water sample, (b1) blank sample, (b2) spiked with 30 μg/L, (b3) spiked with 100 μg/L.
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