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. 2025 Mar;42(3):e15472.
doi: 10.1111/dme.15472. Epub 2024 Nov 9.

The practical operation and consequences of glucose measurement by pilots with diabetes

Ka Siu Fan  1   2 , Antonios Manoli  3 , Fariba Shojaee-Moradie  1   2 , Ewan Hutchison  4 , Felice Strollo  5 , Gerd Koehler  3   6 , Julia K Mader  3 , David Russell-Jones  1   2   4 ; EASA Diabetes Consortium
Affiliations

The practical operation and consequences of glucose measurement by pilots with diabetes

Ka Siu Fan et al. Diabet Med. 2025 Mar.

Abstract

Keywords: aviation; blood glucose; continuous glucose monitoring (CGM); pilot; self‐monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG).

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Conflict of interest statement

JKM is a member of advisory boards of Abbott Diabetes Care, Becton‐Dickinson, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Embecta, Medtronic, NovoNordisk A/S, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi‐Aventis, Viatris and received speaker honoraria from A. Menarini Diagnostics, Abbott Diabetes Care, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Dexcom, Eli Lilly, Medtrust, MSD, NovoNordisk A/S, Roche Diabetes Care, Sanofi, Servier, Viatris and Ypsomed. She is shareholder of decide Clinical Software GmbH and elyte Diagnostics and serves as CMO of elyte Diagnostics. DRJ receives research funding or advisory board honraria from Abbott Diabetes Care, Dexcom, Astra Zeneca, Eli Lilly, Medtronic, Novartis, Novo Nordisk A/S and Sanofi‐Aventis. GK is contracted as an independent advisor to Austro Control and has received research funding, speaker and advisory board honoraria from Astra Zeneca, Amgen, Boehringer‐Ingelheim, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche Diagnostics and Sanofi. All other authors report no potential conflicts of interest.

References

    1. Russell‐Jones DL, Hutchison EJ, Roberts GA. Pilots flying with insulin‐treated diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2021;23(7):1439‐1444. doi:10.1111/DOM.14375 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Smith IP, Whichello CL, Veldwijk J, et al. Diabetes patient preferences for glucose‐monitoring technologies: results from a discrete choice experiment in Poland and The Netherlands. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2023;11(1):e003025. doi:10.1136/BMJDRC-2022-003025 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bailey TS, Alva S. Landscape of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and integrated CGM: accuracy considerations. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2021;23(S3):S5‐S11. doi:10.1089/DIA.2021.0236/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/DIA.2021.0236_FIGURE1.JPEG - DOI - PubMed
    1. Fan KS, Shojaee‐Moradie F, Manoli A, et al. The feasibility of an experimental hypobaric simulation to evaluate the safety of closed‐loop insulin delivery systems in flight‐related atmospheric pressure changes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2024. doi:10.1089/dia.2024.0380 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Garden GL, Fan KS, Paterson M, et al. Effects of atmospheric pressure change during flight on insulin pump delivery and glycaemic control of pilots with insulin‐treated diabetes: an in vitro simulation and a retrospective observational real‐world study. Diabetologia. 2024. doi:10.1007/s00125-024-06295-1 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

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