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. 2024 Nov 8;16(11):e73292.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.73292. eCollection 2024 Nov.

Demographics, Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Metapneumovirus Infection in Adults: A Case Series Analysis at Scarborough General Hospital, United Kingdom

Amala Khan  1 , Vishesh Khanna  2 , Kausik Majumdar  3
Affiliations

Demographics, Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Metapneumovirus Infection in Adults: A Case Series Analysis at Scarborough General Hospital, United Kingdom

Amala Khan et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Introduction: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) was first discovered in 2001 in Netherlands as a leading cause of respiratory infections. hMPV infection is more common in kids, elderly (age ≥ 65) and immuno-compromised adults. Treatment is mainly symptomatic.

Methodology: We collected retrospective data from 31-8-2022 to 01-09-2023 from Microbiology for patients who tested positive for hMPV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Only patients aged 18 years and above and admitted to Scarborough General Hospital (SGH) were included in the study.

Results: Total patients who tested positive were 38, out of which 73% (n=24) of patients were ≥ 65 years of age. 76.3% (n=29) of these adults were living in their own residence and 53% (n=20) patients never smoked. The most common presentation of these patients was shortness of breath and cough. Fifty-eight percent (n=22) patients had no radiological findings and 74% (n=28) had raised C-reactive protein (CRP). hMPV management was analyzed based on six modalities, we found out that 76% (n=29) patients received antibiotics, 47% (n=18) received nebulizers, 45% (n=17) required oxygen, 37% (n=14) were treated with steroids, 21% (n=8) patients were given inhalers and only one received antivirals. Majority of the patients were discharged and 13% (n=5) of patients died during their inpatient stay. All the deceased patients were aged 65 and above and 80% (n=4) of deceased (n=5) had pre-existing co-morbidities or other acute diagnoses at admission.

Conclusion: The patients who tested positive for hMPV were mostly aged ≥ 65 years, 76.3% (n=28) were from personal residence and there was no association of smoking history with hMPV infection. Patients who tested positive for hMPV would mostly present with flu-like symptoms with raised CRP and no radiological manifestation. All these patients were managed conservatively with antibiotics, nebulizers, oxygen, inhalers and antivirals (only one patient). Most of the patients were discharged home and five died during the inpatient stay, all of them were >65 of age and 80% had pre-existing co-morbidities and other acute diagnoses at the time of admission. We could not conclude or hypothesize anything due to small sample size.

Limitations: This data was collected over a one-year period only, and the sample size was very small. Another limitation was that we did not follow up patients after discharge.

Keywords: acute respiratory infection; adults; demographics; hmpv; human metapneumovirus; treatment; viral pneumonia.

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Conflict of interest statement

Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Presenting Symptoms
Figure 2
Figure 2. Blood Test Results
Figure 3
Figure 3. Treatment modalities
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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