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. 2024 Oct 9;8(11):104473.
doi: 10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.104473. eCollection 2024 Nov.

Health Claims, Product Features and Instructions for Use on the Labels of Potassium-enriched Salt Products: A Content Analysis

James Bullen  1 , Xuejun Yin  1   2 , Katrina Kissock  1 , Laura Fisher  1 , Bruce Neal  1   3 , Kathy Trieu  1
Affiliations

Health Claims, Product Features and Instructions for Use on the Labels of Potassium-enriched Salt Products: A Content Analysis

James Bullen et al. Curr Dev Nutr. .

Abstract

Background: Potassium-enriched salt is a proven dietary intervention for reducing risk of stroke, cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality when used instead of regular table salt. Potassium-enriched salt products are available globally, but the on-pack health claims, product features, and instructions for use are diverse.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to summarize the label features of potassium-enriched salt products available worldwide.

Methods: A content analysis was conducted on the labels of potassium-enriched salt products available for sale in May 2023. Potassium-enriched salt products were identified through a systematic search of literature, major online shopping websites, and Google using similar keywords such as "salt substitute" or "low sodium salt." Information on product labels was coded relating to health claims, product features, and instructions for use, and were quantitatively summarized.

Results: A total of 117 potential potassium-enriched salt products were identified, with 83 included in the final analysis after excluding products containing no sodium (n = 15), no potassium (n = 5), or that were duplicates (n = 14). There were 23 (28%) products with on-pack claims for health benefits and 36 (43%) with health warnings. Twenty-five (30%) of product labels included descriptions of other product features such as taste and potassium content, and 36 (43%) had instructions for use.

Conclusions: There was large variability in the label features of potassium-enriched salt products identified in this study. Most product labels made no health-related statements, but among those that did, warnings occurred more frequently than statements of health benefits. The diversity in labeling may cause confusion among consumers, and standardized, evidence-based labeling should be developed.

Keywords: blood pressure; cardiovascular disease; content analysis; labeling; low-sodium salt; potassium chloride; potassium-enriched salt; salt substitute; sodium chloride; sodium reduction.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Flow diagram for the inclusion of potassium-enriched salt products.
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