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. 2024 Oct 25:27:e00389.
doi: 10.1016/j.parepi.2024.e00389. eCollection 2024 Nov.

Species richness and abundance of wild tsetse flies collected from selected human-wildlife-livestock interface in Tanzania

Filbert E Mdee  1   2 , Venance T Msoffe  2 , Eliakunda M Mafie  3 , Ladslaus L Mnyone  4
Affiliations

Species richness and abundance of wild tsetse flies collected from selected human-wildlife-livestock interface in Tanzania

Filbert E Mdee et al. Parasite Epidemiol Control. .

Abstract

The successful control of tsetse flies largely depends on understanding of the species available and abundance. This study assessed the species richness, abundance and apparent density of wild collected tsetse flies from selected human-wildlife-livestock interface in Tanzania. Seasonal trapping using baited NZI, Pyramidal and Biconical traps was done across selected wards. Traps were set at 200 m apart, emptied after every 24 h then rotated to the next sites after 72 h. Collected flies were identified morphologically and letter confirmed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Only two Glossina species; Glossina pallidipes (n = 371; 47.32 %) and Glossina morsitans morsitans (n = 413; 52.68 %) were identified. Among them, 96 flies (80 Female, 16 Male) were blood fed; 57(48 Female and 9 Male) G. pallidipes and 39(32 Female and 7 Male) G.m. morsitans. Tsetse fly abundance varied across wards (χ2 = 4.597, df = 1, p = 0.032), villages (χ2 = 9.491, df = 3, p = 0.023), habitats (χ2 = 17.239, df = 2, p < 0.001), months (χ2 = 13.507, df = 3, p = 0.004) and deployed traps (χ2 = 6.348, df = 2, p = 0.04). About 78.82 % of the total catch occurred in Kisaki ward (n = 618; p < 0.001) and 21.17 % (n = 166; p = 0.032) in Bwakila chini. Similarly, 62.37 % of the catch occurred in Mbojoge village. NZI traps (n = 422; 54 %; 4.98 FTD) were most successful traps. Moreover, 78.06 % of the catch occurred in bushed grassland habitat (n = 612; 55.41 FTD) while 5.48 % in farmland (n = 43; 7.17 FTD). This study recommends NZI and Pyramidal traps for tsetse flies control at the interface and proposes wet season as appropriate time for successful trapping of the flies. Finally, it attracts a need for assessing tsetse flies' blood meal sources and the infection status to establish the prevalence to inform existing trypanosome control programs.

Keywords: Abundance; Diversity; Human-wildlife-livestock interface; NZI; Pyramidal; Tsetse fly.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
A map showing trapping sites. Tsetse flies were collected from Kisaki ward (Bonye and Kiperege) and Bwakila chini wards (Mbojoge and sebo) in Morogoro region. The map was developed using QGIS software version 3.26.1 and data from DIVA-GIS and The Humanitarian Data Exchange (HDX), freely available at https://www.diva-gis.org/datadown and https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ab-tza respectively.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Baited traps deployed in study area, A)Biconical trap, B)Nzi trap, and C) Pyramidal trap.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Agarose gel electrophoresis showing ITS polymerase chain reaction product, amplified from the DNA extracted from wild collected adult tsetse flies.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
A bar plot showing the distribution of tsetse fly average abundance by their species across surveyed villages.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The distribution of blood fed tsetse flies across: A: Villages, B: Habitats, C: Traps and D: Seasons.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
A map showing the number of tsetse flies trapped in different habitats, at various distance from the protected area boundary. This map was developed using freely available shape files (at https://www.diva-gis.org/datadown and https://data.humdata.org/dataset/cod-ab-tza) and land cover data for 2021 to 2022 freely available in the ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World (https://www.esri.com/arcgis-blog/products/arcgis-living-atlas/imagery/global-land-cover-updates-2/).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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