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. 2024 Oct 22:13:101786.
doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101786. eCollection 2024 Dec.

Acute and sub-acute toxicity study of aqueous and methanol root extract of Tetracera alnifolia in male albino rats

Irene Ebosereme Ainyanbhor  1 , Iyere Osolase Onoagbe  2 , Great Iruoghene Edo  3   4 , Emad Yousif  4 , Patrick Othuke Akpoghelie  5 , Joseph Oghenewogaga Owheruo  5 , Endurance Fegor Isoje  6 , Ufuoma Augustina Igbuku  3 , Arthur Efeoghene Athan Essaghah  7 , Huzaifa Umar  8
Affiliations

Acute and sub-acute toxicity study of aqueous and methanol root extract of Tetracera alnifolia in male albino rats

Irene Ebosereme Ainyanbhor et al. Toxicol Rep. .

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the acute and sub-acute toxicity of aqueous and methanol extracts of the root of Tetracera alnifolia as well as the effects on some biochemical parameters in albino rats as many plants used in traditional medicine lack scientific and clinical evidence to support a better understanding of their safety and efficacy. Phytochemical screening and proximate analysis of the pulverised root of Tetracera alnifolia was carried out using previously reported protocol. Sub-acute toxicity study of each extract was done for 28 days followed by organs function tests and histopathology studies of the liver, kidney and heart. Evaluation of lipid profile and oxidative stress marker to ascertain the effect of each extract on lipid peroxidation and their antioxidant property was done after administration of 200 mg/Kg body weight of each extract for a period of thirty-five days. Acute toxicity study of each extract gave oral LD50 (rat) of greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight with no signs of toxicity. Sub-acute toxicity study showed both extracts were non-toxic to the liver, kidney, heart and blood at doses between 200 and 3000 mg/Kg body weight assessed by the respective organ function tests, hematological parameters, and histopathology study. However, higher doses seem toxic to the liver particularly at 5000 mg/kg B. W due to increase in plasma AST, ALT and ALP activities accompanied with reduced protein and albumin concentrations. Effects of each extracts at 200 mg/Kg body weight on some biochemical parameters revealed no significant difference in lipid profile parameters and no lipid peroxidation. Each extract may possess antioxidant property due to increase in catalase activity. The result from this research may help validate the safety of the oral use of this plant in traditional medicine.

Keywords: Antioxidant, phytochemicals; Superoxide dismutase; Tetracera alnifolia; Toxicity.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Dose response curve fast blood glucose concentration for various doses of aqueous and methanol extract.
Fig. 2a
Fig. 2a
Effect of aqueous and methanol extract ofTetracera alnifoliaon the histopathology of heart in Albino rat. Photomicrograph section of the heart (Control group): Heart composed of A, bundles of myocardial fibres, B, coronary vessel and C, interstitial spaces.
Fig. 2b
Fig. 2b
Effect of aqueous and methanol extract ofTetracera alnifoliaon the histopathology of heart in Albino rat. Photomicrograph section of the heart (Aqueous extract) showing A, normal myocardial architecture,.
Fig. 2c
Fig. 2c
Effect of aqueous and methanol extract ofTetracera alnifoliaon the histopathology of heart in Albino rat. Photomicrograph section of the heart (Methanol extract) showing A, normal myocardiac architecture.
Fig. 3a
Fig. 3a
Effect of aqueous and methanol extract ofTetracera alnifoliaon the histopathology of liver in Albino rat. Photomicrograph section of the liver (Control Group) showing central vein(A), Hepatocytes (B) and sinusoids (C).
Fig. 3b
Fig. 3b
Effect of aqueous and methanol extract ofTetracera alnifoliaon the histopathology of liver in Albino rat. Photomicrograph section of the liver (aqueous extract) showing A, mild portal congestion and mild kupffer cell.
Fig. 3c
Fig. 3c
Effect of aqueous and methanol extract ofTetracera alnifoliaon the histopathology of liver in Albino rat. Photomicrograph section of the liver (Methanol extract) showing A, normal hepatocyte architecture.
Fig. 4a
Fig. 4a
Effect of aqueous and methanol extract ofTetracera alnifoliaon the histopathology of kidney in Albino rat. Photomicrograph section of the kidney (Control group) showing glomerulus A, tubules B and interstitial space C.
Fig. 4b
Fig. 4b
Effect of aqueous and methanol extract ofTetracera alnifoliaon the histopathology of kidney in Albino rat. Photomicrograph section of the kidney (Aqueous extract) kidney showing A, normal renal architecture.
Fig. 4c
Fig. 4c
Effect of aqueous and methanol extract ofTetracera alnifoliaon the histopathology of kidney in Albino rat. Photomicrograph section of the kidney (Methanol extract) showing A, mild interstitial congestion.
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