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. 2025 Jan 6;53(D1):D20-D29.
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkae979.

Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information in 2025

Eric W Sayers  1 , Jeffrey Beck  1 , Evan E Bolton  1 , J Rodney Brister  1 , Jessica Chan  1 , Ryan Connor  1 , Michael Feldgarden  1 , Anna M Fine  1 , Kathryn Funk  1 , Jinna Hoffman  1 , Sivakumar Kannan  1 , Christopher Kelly  1 , William Klimke  1 , Sunghwan Kim  1 , Stacy Lathrop  1 , Aron Marchler-Bauer  1 , Terence D Murphy  1 , Chris O'Sullivan  1 , Erin Schmieder  1 , Yuriy Skripchenko  1 , Adam Stine  1 , Francoise Thibaud-Nissen  1 , Jiyao Wang  1 , Jian Ye  1 , Erin Zellers  1 , Valerie A Schneider  1 , Kim D Pruitt  1
Affiliations

Database resources of the National Center for Biotechnology Information in 2025

Eric W Sayers et al. Nucleic Acids Res. .

Abstract

The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides online information resources for biology, including the GenBank® nucleic acid sequence repository and the PubMed® repository of citations and abstracts published in life science journals. NCBI provides search and retrieval operations for most of these data from 31 distinct repositories and knowledgebases. The E-utilities serve as the programming interface for most of these. Resources receiving significant updates in the past year include PubMed, PubMed Central, Bookshelf, the NIH Comparative Genomics Resource, BLAST, Sequence Read Archive, Taxonomy, iCn3D, Conserved Domain Database, Pathogen Detection, antimicrobial resistance resources and PubChem. These resources can be accessed through the NCBI home page at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

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Figures

Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
NCBI Datasets assembly page for Equus caballus assembly EquCab3.0.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
iCn3D view of gene exons superimposed on the 3D AlphaFold structure A4D1S0. Also shown are the sequence alignments of this structure with RefSeq proteins in which the exons are represented by the same color gradient.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
iCn3D views of the protein–ligand interactions between the drug Gleevec and human ABL2.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
The distribution of cephalosporinases and carbapenemases in Escherichia coli found in China and the U.S. (A) Using a drop-down menu, users can investigate either individual taxonomic groups or all isolates combined; shown here are data for E. coli. (B) Users can filter the data using a variety of data fields. Here we display the selection of all acquired carbapenemases and cephalosporinases. (C) To limit the data to certain countries, individual countries can be selected on the map. In this case, both the USA and China are selected. In addition, the shading of the map indicates the frequency (as a percentage) of the selected genetic elements in each country. (D) Bar chart of the counts of cephalosporinase and carbapenemase genes in China and the USA combined.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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