Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2025 Jan 6;53(D1):D403-D410.
doi: 10.1093/nar/gkae1046.

DRAMP 4.0: an open-access data repository dedicated to the clinical translation of antimicrobial peptides

Tianyue Ma  1 , Yanchao Liu  1 , Bingxin Yu  1 , Xin Sun  1 , Huiyuan Yao  1 , Chen Hao  1 , Jianhui Li  1 , Maryam Nawaz  1 , Xun Jiang  2 , Xingzhen Lao  1 , Heng Zheng  1
Affiliations

DRAMP 4.0: an open-access data repository dedicated to the clinical translation of antimicrobial peptides

Tianyue Ma et al. Nucleic Acids Res. .

Abstract

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are potential candidates for treating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, yet only a small number of them have progressed into clinical trials. The main challenges include the poor stability and hemolytic/cytotoxic properties of AMPs. Considering this, in the update of the Data Repository of Antimicrobial Peptides (DRAMP), a new annotation on serum and protease stability is added, and special efforts were made to update the hemolytic/cytotoxic information of AMPs. The DRAMP 4.0 currently holds 30 260 entries (8 001 newly added), consisting of 11 612 general entries, 17 886 patent entries, 96 clinical entries, 377 specific entries, 110 entries with stability data, and 179 expanded entries. A total of 2891 entries possess experimentally determined hemolytic activity information, while 2674 entries contain cytotoxicity data by experimental validation. The update also covers new annotations, statistics, categories, functions, and download links. DRAMP is available online at http://dramp.cpu-bioinfor.org/.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Graphical Abstract
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Data update flow chart.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Venn diagram representing the numbers of overlapping and non-overlapping sequences from APD (https://wangapd3.com/main.php), DBAASP (https://dbaasp.org/home), and DRAMP (data as of 1st June 2024). The numbers of nonoverlapping sequences in all four databases were calculated as percentages in corresponding areas. In the statistical process, we excluded redundant sequences or predicted AMPs. Moreover, all peptides in the database with the same sequence but with different structural modifications are considered as one sequence.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
The page of entry DRAMP37243 in the expanded AMPs dataset. (A) Screenshot of the activity information section, all the activity data have been translated into English. (B) Screenshot of the literature information, since Chinese literature generally does not have PubMed_ID, in this section, we only provide information such as article titles and authors in both Chinese and English.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
The page of entry DRAMP29933 in the stability dataset, the AMP’s stability is determined by RP-HPLC (Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography) in mouse serum, and the half-life is 246 min.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Screenshot of the detailed page of DRAMP18059 in the clinical dataset, where the red box represents newly added or modified content.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Screenshots of the download page.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Murray C.J.L., Ikuta K.S., Sharara F., Swetschinski L., Robles Aguilar G., Gray A., Han C., Bisignano C., Rao P., Wool E.et al. .. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet North Am. Ed. 2022; 399:629–655. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Xuan J., Feng W., Wang J., Wang R., Zhang B., Bo L., Chen Z.-S., Yang H., Sun L.. Antimicrobial peptides for combating drug-resistant bacterial infections. Drug Resist. Updat. 2023; 68:100954. - PubMed
    1. Bin Hafeez A., Jiang X., Bergen P.J., Zhu Y.. Antimicrobial peptides: an update on classifications and databases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021; 22:11691. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bucataru C., Ciobanasu C.. Antimicrobial peptides: opportunities and challenges in overcoming resistance. Microbiol. Res. 2024; 286:127822. - PubMed
    1. Santos-Júnior C.D., Torres M.D.T., Duan Y., Rodríguez Del Río Á., Schmidt T.S.B., Chong H., Fullam A., Kuhn M., Zhu C., Houseman A.et al. .. Discovery of antimicrobial peptides in the global microbiome with machine learning. Cell. 2024; 187:3761–3778. - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources