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. 2024 Nov 12;14(1):27630.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-75937-6.

Hematological changes in women with cervical cancer before and after cancer treatment: retrospective cohort study

Dereje Mengesha Berta  1 , Bisrat Birke Teketelew  2 , Elias Chane  3 , Biruk Bayleyegn  2 , Mebratu Tamir  4 , Negesse Cherie  5 , Masiresha Seyoum  2 , Amare Mekuanint  3 , Melak Aynalem  2
Affiliations

Hematological changes in women with cervical cancer before and after cancer treatment: retrospective cohort study

Dereje Mengesha Berta et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Hematological changes is one of the most common complications occurred in cancer patients. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess the hematological toxicity of cervical cancer patients before and after the initiation of treatment. The retrospective cohort study was conducted from 2015 to 2022 at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. The hematological profile and sociodemographic and clinical data of the cervical cancer patients were collected using data extraction sheets. The Epidata version 3.1 and SPSS version 25 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize the data. To compare the median differences in hematological parameters before and after treatment, the Wilcoxon rank test was used. In addition, to assess the presence of an independent association between hematological abnormalities and the independent variables, logistic regression models were used. A p value less than 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance for all tests. In current study, the median (Interquartile range) of hemoglobin levels, white blood cell counts, and platelet counts, before treatment were 13.2 (12.1, 15) g/dl, 7.5 (5.8, 11.8) *109/L, and 330 (252, 383) *109/L, respectively. However, after treatment the median (Interquartile range) value of hemoglobin levels, white blood cell counts, and platelet counts were significantly lowered. On the other hand, red cell distribution width was significantly greater after treatment. At baseline, the magnitude of leucocytosis, anemia, and thrombocytosis were 27.9%, 24.6%, and 18.7%, respectively. After the treatment, anemia increased to 44.3%, but leucocytosis and thrombocytosis were replaced by leucopenia 18.3% and thrombocytopenia 17.8%, respectively. Hematological abnormalities such as anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia were high after chemo-radiotherapy, and surgery. As the stage of cancer advances, the risk of developing anemia, leucocytosis, and thrombocytosis increased in 7.6, 6.9 and 9 times, respectively. Furthermore, being HIV patients and rural resident increased the risk of developing anemia about twofold. In conclusion hematological abnormalities were observed before and after cervical cancer treatment, with significance increment after chemo-radiotherapy and surgery. As the stage of cancer advances, the risk of developing hematological abnormalities increases. Therefore, routine monitoring of hematological changes before and after treatment and screening for major risk factors are important for improved patients' management.

Keywords: Cervical cancer; Ethiopia; Gondar; Hematological change; Treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Consent to participate and ethical approval We confirm that all the procedures were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee of the School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Science, the University of Gondar (SBLS/194/2015). The objective and purpose of the study were explained to the medical director and cancer treatment director, and permission was obtained to collect the data. Since the study was retrospective, informed consent was waived by ethical review committee of the School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Gondar. No personal identifiers were used for confidentiality. In addition, to keep patient information confidential, a password was used to limit access to the data. Consent for publication Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual data.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Severity of anemia before and after cervical cancer treatment at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2022.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Magnitude of cytopenia after treatment for cervical cancer at the University of Gondar, Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, 2022.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Distribution of hematological abnormalities based on treatment subgroup of cervical cancer patients at the University of Gondar, Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, 2022.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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