Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Nov 11;23(1):e12615.
doi: 10.1002/rmb2.12615. eCollection 2024 Jan-Dec.

Association between anti-Müllerian hormone levels and polycystic ovary syndrome in a general cohort of young women in Japan

Natsuki Miyake  1 , Satoko Osuka  1 , Isao Ohsawa  2 , Takashi Tonoike  2 , Tomoko Uno  2 , Kazuo Tsuzuki  3 , Bayasula  1 , Reina Sonehara  1 , Ayako Muraoka  1 , Tomoko Nakamura  1 , Maki Goto  4 , Akira Iwase  5 , Hiroaki Kajiyama  1
Affiliations

Association between anti-Müllerian hormone levels and polycystic ovary syndrome in a general cohort of young women in Japan

Natsuki Miyake et al. Reprod Med Biol. .

Abstract

Purpose: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) significantly affects women. This study investigated the association between serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and menstrual cycle disorders, and AMH for PCOS in a general cohort of young Japanese women.

Methods: We measured serum AMH levels in 528 healthy female students at two universities in Japan between 2014 and 2020. We investigated the association between serum AMH levels and hormone levels, menstrual cycle, and body mass index.

Results: The mean (±standard deviation) AMH level was 4.78 ± 2.88 ng/mL. Correlations were observed between serum AMH and luteinizing hormone (LH) or LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels in women with irregular menstruation (LH: r = 0.542, p < 0.001; LH/FSH: r = 0.584, p < 0.001). The optimal serum AMH cutoff value that predicted LH ≥7.1 IU/L and LH/FSH ≥1.21 (PCOS diagnostic criteria revised by Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology) in women with menstrual irregularities was 5.30 ng/mL (area under the curve: 0.815, sensitivity: 84.2%, specificity: 70.3%).

Conclusions: Serum AMH can be measured during annual health checkups and may be a useful biomarker for early and arcuate diagnosis and intervention in women with PCOS.

Keywords: anti‐Müllerian hormone; menstrual irregularity; polycystic ovary syndrome; preconception care; puberty.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Inclusion criteria and subjects. AMH, Anti‐Müllerian hormone; BHL, Basal hormone levels.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Graph showing AMH levels for all subjects. The orange and gray bars indicate serum AMH levels for those with irregular and regular menstruation, respectively. n = 528. AMH: Anti‐Müllerian hormone.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Serum AMH levels for each group classified by BMI. Variables are presented as the mean ± SD. The Kruskal–Wallis test was applied. AMH, Anti‐Müllerian hormone; BMI, Body mass index; SD, Standard deviation; n. s., Not significant.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Correlations between serum AMH levels and hormone levels. AMH, Anti‐Müllerian hormone; FSH, Follicle‐stimulating hormone; LH, Luteinizing hormone.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Ability of serum AMH levels to diagnosis PCOS. The receiver operating characteristic curve demonstrates serum AMH cutoff values for LH >7.1 IU/L and LH/FSH ratio >1.21 in the group with menstrual irregularities (n = 56). AMH, Anti‐Müllerian hormone; LH, Luteinizing hormone; FSH, Follicle‐stimulating hormone.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Visser JA, Schipper I, Laven JS, Themmen AP. Anti‐Müllerian hormone: an ovarian reserve marker in primary ovarian insufficiency. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2012;8(6):331–341. - PubMed
    1. Broer SL, Broekmans FJ, Laven JS, Fauser BC. Anti‐Müllerian hormone: ovarian reserve testing and its potential clinical implications. Hum Reprod Update. 2014;20(5):688–701. - PubMed
    1. Iwase A, Osuka S, Goto M, Murase T, Nakamura T, Takikawa S, et al. Clinical application of serum anti‐Müllerian hormone as an ovarian reserve marker: a review of recent studies. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2018;44(6):998–1006. - PubMed
    1. Teede H, Misso M, Tassone EC, Dewailly D, Ng EH, Azziz R, et al. Anti‐Müllerian hormone in PCOS: a review informing international guidelines. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2019;30(7):467–478. - PubMed
    1. Pérez‐López FR, Ornat L, López‐Baena MT, Santabárbara J, Savirón‐Cornudella R, Pérez‐Roncero GR. Circulating kisspeptin and anti‐mullerian hormone levels, and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2021;260:85–98. - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources