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. 2024 Sep 9;75(3):4202.
doi: 10.18597/rcog.4202.

Prevalence, characterization, and risk factors of gestational anemia in Quindío, Colombia, 2018-2023

[Article in English, Spanish]
Franklin José Espitia De La Hoz  1 , Lilian Orozco Santiago  2
Affiliations

Prevalence, characterization, and risk factors of gestational anemia in Quindío, Colombia, 2018-2023

[Article in English, Spanish]
Franklin José Espitia De La Hoz et al. Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol. .

Abstract
in English, Spanish

Objectives: To describe the prevalence and characterize gestational anemia in women attending prenatal care in the department of Quindío, Colombia, and to identify associated risk factors.

Material and methods: An analytical crosssectional study was conducted. Out of 1,003 pregnant women, 307 were selected. The study included pregnant women aged 18 years or older who attended a prenatal care program at three high-complexity private institutions in Armenia (Quindío, Colombia) from 2018 to 2023, providing a five-year observation window. Pregnant women with a diagnosis of fetal malformations and hemolytic disease, those who changed healthcare centers, or moved out of Quindío were excluded.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 28.14 ± 5.27 years. The prevalence of gestational anemia was identified as 26.38 %, with an average hemoglobin level of 9.82 ± 1.74 g/dL. Of these, 12.37 % had hemoglobin levels of 10.1-10.9 g/dL (mild anemia), 8.46 % had levels of 7.1-10.0 g/dL (moderate anemia), and 5.53 % had levels below 7.0 g/dL (severe anemia). In the third trimester, the prevalence of anemia increased to 41.97 % (n = 34/81), with 91.35 % (n = 74/81) of cases being iron-deficiency anemia. A BMI of < 18.5 (OR: 15.46; 95 % CI: 7.13-28.59), multiple pregnancy (OR: 9.73; 95 % CI: 1.49-26.83), and a history of pregestational anemia (OR: 7.43; 95 % CI: 4.52-9.13) were associated with gestational anemia.

Conclusions: The prevalence of gestational anemia is over 25 % and increases in the third trimester. It is important to identify risk factors during preconception evaluation and prenatal care.

Objetivos: describir la prevalencia y caracterizar la anemia gestacional en mujeres que asisten a control prenatal en el departamento del Quindío (Colombia), y describir los factores de riesgo asociados.

Materiales y métodos: estudio analítico de corte transversal. De 1.003 embarazadas se seleccionaron 307 mujeres. Se incluyeron gestantes ≥ 18 años, que asistieron al programa de control prenatal en tres instituciones privadas de alta complejidad, en Armenia (Quindío, Colombia), entre 2018 y 2023, para una ventana de observación de cinco años. Se excluyeron embarazadas con diagnóstico de malformaciones fetales y enfermedad hemolítica, las que se cambiaron de centro de atención o se mudaron del Quindío.

Resultados: la edad media de las participantes fue de 28,14 ± 5,27 años. Se identificó una prevalencia de anemia gestacional del 26,38 %, siendo la hemoglobina promedio de 9,82 ± 1,74 g/dL. El 12,37 % presentó hemoglobina de 10,1-10,9 g/dL (anemia leve), 8,46 % de 7,1-10,0 g/dL (anemia moderada) y 5,53 % inferior a 7,0 g/dL (anemia severa). En el tercer trimestre la prevalencia de anemia aumentó al 41,97 % (n = 34/81), siendo anemia ferropénica en el 91,35 % (n = 74/81). El IMC < 18,5 (OR: 15,46; IC 95 %: 7,13-28,59), embarazo múltiple (OR: 9,73; IC 95 %: 1,49-26,83) y antecedente de anemia pregestacional (OR: 7,43; IC 95 %: 4,52-9,13), se asocian con anemia gestacional.

Conclusiones: la prevalencia de anemia gestacional es mayor del 25 % y aumenta en el tercer trimestre. Es importante identificar los factores de riesgo durante la evaluación preconcepcional y en el control prenatal.

Keywords: Anemia; Iron; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Risk factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicto de intereses: Los autores declaran no tener ningún conflicto de intereses.

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