Effect of supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG powder on intestinal and liver damage in broiler chickens challenged by lipopolysaccharide

Abstract

This study explores the effect of dietary along with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) powder on intestinal and liver damage in broiler chickens challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 100 healthy 1-day-old Ross 308 broiler chickens were selected and randomly divided into two treatments: the control group and the LGG treatment group. There were five replicates for each group, with 10 chickens per replicate. The chickens in the control group were fed a basal diet, while LGG treatment was supplemented with 1,000 mg/kg LGG along with the basal diet. The experiment lasted 29 days, and the trial included two phases. During the first 27 days, the animals were weighed on the 14th and 27th days to calculate growth performance. Then, on day 29, 2 animals from each replicate were intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg/kg BW LPS, and another 2 animals were treated with an equal volume of saline. The chickens were slaughtered 3 h later for sampling and further analysis. (1) LGG addition to the diet did not affect growth performance, including average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and feed-to-weight ratio (F/G) of broiler chickens; (2) LPS stimulation decreased villus height (VH), and caused oxidative stress and increased the amount of diamine oxidase (DAO) in plasma, and the relative expression of intestinal inflammation genes (interleukin-8 [IL-8], interleukin 1β [IL-1β], inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS], and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) and the relative expression of liver injury genes (b-cell lymphoma 2 [BCL2], heat shock protein70 [HSP70], and matrix metallopeptidase 13 [MMP13]). (3) Supplementation of LGG increased VH and the relative expression of intestinal barrier genes (mucins 2 [Mucin2] and occludin [Occludin]) and decreased the amount of DAO in plasma and the relative expression of intestinal inflammatory factors (IL-8, iNOS, and IL-1β). LGG supplementation also increased the expression of liver injury-related genes (MMP13 and MMP9). In conclusion, LGG enhanced intestinal barrier function, improved intestinal morphology, and alleviated the intestines' inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated broiler chicken, and it has a slightly protective effect on liver damage.

Keywords: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG; broiler chicken; intestinal health; lipopolysaccharide; liver.

Figure 1

Experimental design route. DAO, diamine oxidase; LGG, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.

Figure 2

Effect of LGG on the plasma DAO index of LPS-stimulated broiler chickens. Data are mean ± standard deviation (SD), n = 10. a, b, and c: Different alphabets denote differences in significant difference (p < 0.05). DAO, diamine oxidase; LGG, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; MDA.

Figure 3

Effect of LGG on intestinal tissue morphology in LPS-stimulated broiler chickens. Data are mean ± standard deviation (SD), n = 10. (a) Intestinal morphology HE section. “” marked the site of villous damage. (b) Villus height (VH). (c) Crypt depth (CD). a, b, and c: Different alphabets denote differences in significant difference (p < 0.05). LGG, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG; LPS, lipopolysaccharide.