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. 2024 Nov 13;24(1):444.
doi: 10.1186/s12883-024-03949-w.

Burden of Parkinson's disease in Central Asia from 1990 to 2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease study

Ruslan Akhmedullin  1 , Adil Supiyev  2 , Rauan Kaiyrzhanov  3 , Alpamys Issanov  4 , Abduzhappar Gaipov  5 , Antonio Sarria-Santamera  5 , Raushan Tautanova  6 , Byron Crape  5
Affiliations

Burden of Parkinson's disease in Central Asia from 1990 to 2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease study

Ruslan Akhmedullin et al. BMC Neurol. .

Abstract

Background: Central Asia is known to face various ecological challenges that constitutes major risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD). This study examines the burden of PD in Central Asia, a region where data on neurological disorders is notably sparse.

Methods: Building on the latest Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD 2021), this study investigates the Years of Life Lost (YLLs), Years Lived with Disability (YLDs), and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) associated with PD in Central Asia and its countries from 1990 to 2021. The authors calculated average annual percent change (AAPC) to analyze trends, and compared individual country estimates to global figures. Additionally, incorporating data from the World Bank, both Bayesian hierarchical and non-hierarchical frequentist regression models were employed to assess their impact on DALYs.

Results: The DALYs varied across the study period, primarily driven by YLLs. While YLLs showed a uniform trend, YLDs were mostly incremental. Kazakhstan had the highest estimates across all metrics and was the only country aligned with global patterns. Age- and sex-specific estimates revealed substantial variations, with notably high figures found in male subjects from Tajikistan. The YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs for Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan saw a significant increase in AAPCs. In contrast, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan saw declines, likely attributable to civic conflict and inter-country differences in population structure. Further comparison of DALY trends revealed significant deviations for all countries from the global pattern.

Conclusion: This study showed an overall increase in PD burden from 1990 to 2021. These findings underscore the need for targeted strategies to reduce PD burden, with a particular focus on Kazakhstan. Integrating historical information is crucial for discussing the plausible mechanisms in studies sourced from the GBD.

Keywords: Central Asia; DALY; Disability-adjusted life years; Global Burden of Disease; Parkinson’s disease; Years lived with disability.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate Not applicable. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Trends in disability-adjusted life years of Parkinson’s disease per 100,000 population for both sexes in Central Asian countries and World during 1990–2021
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Bayesian posterior distributions of regression coefficients. *The population size has been rescaled to millions and centered around the mean
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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