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. 2025 Jan;40(1):315-324.
doi: 10.1111/jgh.16797. Epub 2024 Nov 14.

The proinflammatory status, based on preoperative interleukin-6, predicts postpancreatectomy acute pancreatitis and associated postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Yuchen Ji  1   2   3   4 , Haoda Chen  1   2   3   4 , Zhiwei Xu  1   2   3   4 , Yiran Zhou  1   2   3   4 , Ningzhen Fu  1   2   3   4 , Hongzhe Li  1   2   3   4 , Shuyu Zhai  1   2   3   4 , Xiaxing Deng  1   2   3   4 , Baiyong Shen  1   2   3   4
Affiliations

The proinflammatory status, based on preoperative interleukin-6, predicts postpancreatectomy acute pancreatitis and associated postoperative pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Yuchen Ji et al. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2025 Jan.

Abstract

Background and aim: Early predictors of morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) can guide tailored postoperative management. Preoperative inflammatory data in patients who underwent PD remained poorly studied in investigating the clinical significance of predicting postpancreatectomy acute pancreatitis (PPAP) and PPAP-associated postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF).

Methods: The clinical data of 467 patients receiving PD between January 2020 and December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative inflammatory data were stratified according to PPAP, and independent risk factors were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression and subgroup analyses were conducted to compare risk factors of PPAP-associated POPF and non-PPAP-associated POPF.

Results: PPAP occurred in 17.6% of patients. The incidence of other complications increased following PPAP. Among the preoperative inflammatory factors, only interleukin-6 (IL-6) increased (P < 0.001), leading to a higher incidence of PPAP and POPF (P < 0.001; P = 0.002). The area under the curve of IL-6 in predicting PPAP was 0.71 (0.65-0.77; P < 0.001). Abnormal preoperative IL-6 levels (odds ratio [OR]: 5.01; P < 0.001), soft pancreatic texture (OR: 2.15; P = 0.007), and pathology (OR: 2.03; P = 0.012) were independent risk factors for PPAP. The subgroup analysis showed that increased IL-6 (OR: 1.01; P = 0.006) and soft pancreatic texture (OR: 2.05; P = 0.033) resulted in a higher risk of PPAP-associated POPF, while increased IL-8 (OR: 1.01; P = 0.007), older age (OR: 1.05; P = 0.008), and higher body mass index (OR: 1.12; P = 0.021) correlated with non-PPAP-associated POPF.

Conclusion: PPAP is common after PD; a high preoperative IL-6 level can predict its occurrence, in addition to associated POPF, which could be due to a preoperative proinflammatory status.

Keywords: PPAP‐associated postoperative pancreatic fistula; interleukin‐6; pancreaticoduodenectomy; postpancreatectomy acute pancreatitis; proinflammatory status.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Comparison of preoperative IL‐6 levels in each FRS risk zone stratified by PPAP status after PD. Regardless of the FRS risk zone, the PPAP group had significantly higher IL‐6 levels than the non‐PPAP group (P < 0.01). FRS, fistula risk score; IL‐6, interleukin‐6; PD, pancreaticoduodenectomy; PPAP, postpancreatectomy acute pancreatitis. Group: formula image, PPAP; formula image, No PPAP.
Figure 2
Figure 2
ROC curves of preoperative IL‐6 levels were used to determine the predictive effects of PPAP after PD. The AUC value for preoperative IL‐6 was 0.71. The specificity and sensitivity under the best Youden index are 0.553 and 0.805, respectively. AUC, area under the curve; IL‐6, interleukin‐6; PD, pancreaticoduodenectomy; PPAP, postpancreatectomy; ROC, receiver operating characteristic. formula image, 0.71 (0.77–0.65).
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