Surrogate gating strategies for the Elekta Unity MR-Linac gating system

Abstract

Purpose: MRI-guided adaptive radiotherapy can directly monitor the anatomical positioning of the intended target during treatment with no additional imaging dose. Elekta has recently released its comprehensive motion management (CMM) solution that enables automatic radiation beam-gating on the Unity MR-Linac. Easily visualized targets that are distinct from the surrounding anatomy can be used to drive automatic gating decisions from the MRI cine imaging. However, poorly visualized targets can compromise the tracking and gating capabilities and may require surrogate tracking structures. This work presents strategies to generate robust tracking surrogates for a variety of treatment sites, enabling a wider application of CMM.

Methods: Surrogate tracking strategies were developed from a cohort of patients treated using the CMM system on the Unity MR-Linac for treatment sites of the lung, pancreas, liver, and prostate. These sites posed challenging visualization or tracking of the primary target thereby compromising the tracking accuracy. Surrogate structures were developed using site-specific strategies to improve the imaging textured detail within the tracking volume while avoiding the dynamic overwhelming hypo- or hyper-intense anatomical structures. These surrogate volumes were applied within the anatomical positioning monitoring system as a proxy that drove the CMM gating decisions on the treatment unit.

Results: Robust site-specific surrogate structures were developed. Surrogate tracking structures for centrally located thoracic targets were created by expanding the target peripherally away from the heart and great vessels and into the lung. Pancreas surrogates required a vertically expanded column intersecting with the inferior liver edge. For the liver and prostate, surrogate structures consisted of a uniform expansion of the target, with liver surrogates intersecting the proximal liver edge or diaphragm while avoiding nearby ribs.

Conclusion: These surrogate strategies have enabled the gating of complex moving targets among different treatment sites at our institution.

Keywords: Elekta Unity; MR linac; gating; motion management.

FIGURE 1

Our institution's treated sites using CMM and APM.

FIGURE 2

Our institution's workflow for gated treatments using CMM and APM.

FIGURE 3

Reference and Cine Imaging tracking planes for the lung (a), pancreas (b), liver (c), and prostate (d). The GTV is the defined as the target, the PTV is the gating envelope, a 95% volume overlap threshold is used, and the surrogates are displayed for reference.