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. 2024 Oct 1;16(10):e1207-e1216.
doi: 10.4317/jced.61818. eCollection 2024 Oct.

Fluoride release and flexural strength of four ion-releasing restorative materials: An in vitro comparative study

Patricia Llancari-Alonzo  1 , Daniel Alvítez-Temoche  1 , Marysela Ladera-Castañeda  1 , Leonor Castro-Ramirez  2 , Carlos López-Gurreonero  1 , César Cayo-Rojas  2
Affiliations

Fluoride release and flexural strength of four ion-releasing restorative materials: An in vitro comparative study

Patricia Llancari-Alonzo et al. J Clin Exp Dent. .

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to determine the fluoride release and flexural strength of four ion-releasing restorative materials.

Material and methods: A total of 80 samples of four different materials were prepared in standardized molds: Ketac Universal, Beautifil II, Cention N, and Equia Forte Fil. The fluoride release was quantified at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days post-immersion using an ion-selective electrode. The flexural strength was measured with a universal testing machine after 7 days of immersion in deionized water. A one-factor intergroup ANOVA with Welch's robust variance and Games-Howell's post hoc was employed. To compare related measures, a Friedman test with Bonferroni's adjusted post hoc was employed. The p-value was set at 0.05.

Results: At 7 days, significant differences were observed in the flexural strength of the four ion-releasing restorative materials (p<0.001). The flexural strength values from highest to lowest were as follows: Cention N (97.10 ± 4.99 MPa), Beautifil (82.77 ± 5.30 MPa), Equia Forte Fil (31.38 ± 7.68 MPa), and Ketac Universal (19.23 ± 2.94 MPa). In addition, at 3 and 7 days, the highest amount of fluoride released was observed for Cention N compared to the other ion-releasing restorative materials (p<0.05). Conversely, Beautifil II released the lowest amount of fluoride at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days (p<0.05) compared to the other ion-releasing restorative materials.

Conclusions: The immersion of all ion-releasing restorative materials in deionized water for seven days resulted in significant differences in flexural strength. Cention N had the highest value, while Ketac Universal had the lowest. All ion-releasing restorative materials released fluoride at all test times, with Ketac Universal releasing the most at 1, 14, and 28 days, and Cention N releasing it at 3 and 7 days. Beautifil II showed the lowest fluoride release at all evaluated times, exhibiting a nearly constant release over time compared to the other materials. Key words:Fluoride release, flexural strength, glass ionomer.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of groups randomly according to the type of material used. Flexural strength was evaluated in groups A1, B1, C1, and D1. Fluoride release was evaluated in groups A2, B2, C2, and D2.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Formula.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Average fluoride release (ppm) of ion-releasing restorative materials over time. A: Ketac Universal (GIC), B: Beautifil II (Giomer), C: Cention N (Alkasite), D: Equia Forte Fil (HV-GIC).
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