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. 2024 Nov 15;14(1):28189.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-79330-1.

Structural characteristics of plankton community in Dongting Lake and its relationship with water environmental factors

Hong Yuan #  1   2   3   4 , Yaqin Xiao #  2   3   4 , Yuanyuan Xie #  2   3   4   5 , Huahui Luo  1   2   3 , Jingyi Liu  2   3   4   5 , Jialuan Xu  2   3   4 , Xiaoli Wu  2   3   4 , Dunxue Chen  6   7 , Yandong Niu  8   9   10
Affiliations

Structural characteristics of plankton community in Dongting Lake and its relationship with water environmental factors

Hong Yuan et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

The plankton community structure and environmental factors in Dongting Lake were investigated during four seasons from September 2020 to August 2021. The results revealed 147 species from 58 genera and 7 phyla of phytoplankton and 84 species from 56 genera and 4 phyla of zooplankton in Dongting Lake. The characteristics of plankton communities varied with time and space. The temporal variation of phytoplankton abundance ranged from 43.5201 × 104 to 120.7968 × 104 cells/L and the spatial variation ranged from 18.6707 × 104 to 247.5542 × 104 cells/L. The temporal variation of zooplankton abundance ranged from 18 to 42 ind/L and the spatial variation ranged from 19 to 62 ind/L. The temporal and spatial variations of the abundance range values were much larger for phytoplankton than for zooplankton, with phytoplankton dominating. However, environmental factors in Dongting Lake vary more temporally than spatially, and drive more temporal than spatial variations in planktonic organisms. Based on the redundancy analysis WT, DO, and CODMn were the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of phytoplankton, while WT, CODMn, NO2-N, and Chl-a were the main factors affecting the distribution of zooplankton. WT and CODMn were the common key influencing factors.

Keywords: Dongting lake; Plankton; Redundancy analysis; Temporal and spatial variations; Water environmental factors.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Consent for publication All authors approved the final manuscript and the submission to this journal.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Distribution of sampling sites in Dongting Lake. (Geographic information Web site: https://www.webmap.cn/commres.do?method=result100W ArcGIS10.8; https://desktop.arcgis.com/zh-cn/desktop/index.html).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Changes in the number of phytoplankton species at the phylum level. (a) Changes in the phytoplankton species and genus. (b) Temporal distribution of the phytoplankton species (A. spring; B. summer; C. autumn; and D. winter). (c) Spatial distribution of the phytoplankton species (E. East Dongting Lake; W. West Dongting Lake; H. Hengling Lake; and S. South Dongting Lake).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Changes in the number of zooplankton species at the phylum level. (a) Changes in the zooplankton species and genus. (b) Temporal distribution of the zooplankton species (A. Spring; B. summer; C. autumn; and D. winter). (c) Spatial distribution of the zooplankton species (E. East Dongting Lake; W. West Dongting Lake; H. Hengling Lake; and S. South Dongting Lake).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Changes in the abundance and biomass of phytoplankton phyla. (a) Changes in the abundance and biomass of phytoplankton phyla. (b) Temporal distribution of the abundance and biomass of phytoplankton phyla (A. spring; B. summer; C. autumn; and D. winter). (c) Spatial distribution of the abundance and biomass of phytoplankton phyla (E. East Dongting Lake; W. West Dongting Lake; H. Hengling Lake; and S. South Dongting Lake).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Changes in the abundance and biomass of zooplankton phyla. (a) Changes in the abundance and biomass of zooplankton phyla. (b) Temporal distribution of the abundance and biomass of zooplankton phyla (A. spring; B. summer; C. autumn; and D. winter). (c) Spatial distribution of the abundance and biomass of zooplankton phyla (E. East Dongting Lake; W. West Dongting Lake; H. Hengling Lake; and S. South Dongting Lake).
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Spatiotemporal changes in physicochemical factors of Dongting Lake. (a) WT; (b) pH; (c) DO; (d) EC; (e) TN; (f) TP; (g) NH3–N; (h) MI3PO4; (i) NO2–N; (j) CODMn; (k) Chl-a; and (l) SD.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Pearson correlation analysis of phytoplankton and environmental factors. (a) Correlation analysis between the number of species in each phylum and environmental factors. (b) Correlation analysis between the abundance of each phylum and environmental factors. (c) Correlation analysis between the biomass of each phylum and environmental factors.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Pearson correlation analysis of zooplankton and environmental factors. (a) Correlation analysis between the number of species in each phylum and environmental factors. (b) Correlation analysis between the abundance of each phylum and environmental factors. (c) Correlation analysis between the biomass of each phylum and environmental factors.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
RDA analysis of plankton and environmental factors. (a) Phytoplankton (a. Cyclotella meneghiniana; b. Melosira granulata; c. Melosira varians; d. Synedra acus var; e. Nitzschia palea; f. Synedra pulchella; g. Peridinium umbonatum; h. Aphanizomenon flosaquae; i. Phormidium sp.; j. Chroococcus turgidus; k. Microcystis densa; l. mydomonas sp.; m. Ulothrix; n. Pandorina morum; o. Cryptomons erosa; p. Chroomonas caudata). (b) Zooplankton (A. Brachionus diversicornis; B. Polyarthra trigla; C. Sinocalanus doerri; D. Paracydops leuckarti; E. Arcella discoides; F. Difflugia gramen; G. Difflugia globulosa; H. Bosmina coregoni; I. Keratella cochlearis; J. Trichocerca yousseleti; K. Keratella valga; L. Trichocerca capucina).
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