Influence of gender on Behçet's disease phenotype and irreversible organ damage: Data from the International AIDA Network Behçet's Disease Registry

Jurgen Sota¹, Gaafar Ragab², Ibrahim AlMaglouth³, Giuseppe Lopalco⁴, Abdurrahman Tufan⁵, Haner Direskeneli⁶, Andrea Hinojosa-Azaola⁷, Henrique Ayres Mayrink Giardini⁸, Silvana Guerriero⁹, Paola Triggianese¹⁰, Petros P Sfikakis¹¹, Matteo Piga¹², Piero Ruscitti¹³, Marcello Govoni¹⁴, Annamaria Iagnocco¹⁵, Francesco Carubbi¹⁶, José Hernández-Rodríguez¹⁷, Ahmed Hatem Laymouna¹⁸, Ayman Abdel-Monem Ahmed Mahmoud¹⁸, Mahmoud Ghanema¹⁸, Aos A Aboabat³, Kazi Nur Asfina³, Fehaid Alanazi³, Maria Morrone⁴, Veronica Spedicato⁴, Hamit Kucuk⁵, Riza Kardas⁵, Fatma Alibaz Öner⁶, Gizem Sevik⁶, Jiram Torres-Ruiz⁷, Perla Ayumi Kawakami-Campos⁷, Isabelle Parente de Brito Antonelli⁸, Rosanna Dammacco⁹, Maria Sole Chimenti¹⁰, Katerina Arida¹¹, Alberto Floris¹², Martina Gentile¹³, Francesca Ruffilli¹⁴, Elisa Bellis¹⁵, Alessia Alunno¹⁶, Gerard Espinosa¹⁷, Stefano Gentileschi¹, Carla Gaggiano¹, Antonio Vitale¹, Valeria Caggiano¹, Roberta Lopez¹, Maria Tarsia¹, Sara Monti¹⁹, Gülen Hatemi²⁰, Alican Karakoç²¹, Micol Frassi²², Roberto Giacomelli²³, Samar Tharwat²⁴, Maissa Thabet²⁵, Francesco Ciccia²⁶, Giacomo Emmi²⁷, Ombretta Viapiana²⁸, Ali Şahin²⁹, Gian Domenico Sebastiani³⁰, Ezgi Deniz Batu³¹, Seza Ozen³¹, Seher Sener³¹, Daniela Opris-Belinski³², Stefania Costi³³, Alessandro Conforti³⁴, Marco Cattalini³⁵, Elena Bartoloni³⁶, Nurullah Akkoç³⁷, Ozgul Soysal Gunduz³⁷, Giovanni Conti³⁸, Armin Maier³⁹, Annarita Giardina⁴⁰, Francesca Li Gobbi⁴¹, Paola Parronchi⁴², Piercarlo Sarzi Puttini⁴³, Luciana Breda⁴⁴, Amato De Paulis⁴⁵, Ester Carreño⁴⁶, Francesco La Torre⁴⁷, Ewa Więsik-Scewczyk⁴⁸, Alejandra de-la Torre⁴⁹, Germán Mejía-Salgado⁴⁹, Farhad Shahram⁵⁰, Serena Guiducci⁵¹, Maria Cristina Maggio⁵², Emma Aragona⁵³, Donato Rigante⁵⁴, Alessandro Ciavarro⁵⁵, Fatos Önen⁵⁶, Şükran Erten⁵⁷, Antonella Insalaco⁵⁸, Emanuela Del Giudice⁵⁹, Patrizia Barone⁶⁰, Francesca Gicchino⁶¹, Antonio Brucato⁶², Alberto Lo Gullo⁶³, Angela Mauro⁶⁴, Anastasios Karamanakos⁶⁵, Alberto Balistreri⁶⁶, Maria Antonietta Mazzei⁶⁷, Bruno Frediani¹, Claudia Fabiani⁶⁸, Luca Cantarini⁶⁹

Affiliations

¹ Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory, and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.
² Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Newgiza University, 6th of October City, Egypt.
³ Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), Policlinic Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
⁵ Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gazi University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
⁶ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁷ Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
⁸ Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
⁹ DiBrain department, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
¹⁰ Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
¹¹ Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Athens, Greece.
¹² Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public health, University and AOU of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
¹³ Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
¹⁴ Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna-Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
¹⁵ Academic Rheumatology Center, Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy.
¹⁶ University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, Internal Medicine and Nephrology Division, ASL1 Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy.
¹⁷ Autoinflammatory Diseases Clinical Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Center of the European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA), Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁸ Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
¹⁹ Rheumatology Department, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Fondazione, University of Pavia, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Pavia, Italy.
²⁰ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey; Behçet's Disease Research Center, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
²¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
²² Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Spedali Civili and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Brescia, Italy.
²³ Rheumatology, Immunology and Clinical Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.
²⁴ Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt.
²⁵ Internal Medicine Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.
²⁶ Department of Precision Medicine, Università Degli Studi Della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
²⁷ Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Clinical Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Italy; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
²⁸ Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy.
²⁹ Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty, Sivas, Turkey.
³⁰ U.O.C. Reumatologia, Ospedale San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy.
³¹ Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
³² Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
³³ Unit of Pediatric Rheumatology, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini-Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico (CTO), Milan, Italy.
³⁴ U.O. Medicina Generale, Ospedale San Paolo di Civitavecchia, ASL Roma 4, Civitavecchia, Rome, Italy.
³⁵ Pediatric Clinic, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili di Brescia [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory, and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Brescia, Italy.
³⁶ Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
³⁷ Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
³⁸ Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) G Martino, Messina, Italy.
³⁹ Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.
⁴⁰ UOC Medicina Interna, Ambulatorio di Reumatologia, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy.
⁴¹ Rheumatology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Firenze, Italy.
⁴² Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
⁴³ Rheumatology Unit, Ospedale Sacco, Milan, Italy.
⁴⁴ Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
⁴⁵ Section of Clinical Immunology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), World Allergy Organisation Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
⁴⁶ Department of Ophthalmology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (FJD), Madrid, Spain.
⁴⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
⁴⁸ Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defense, Military Institute of Medicine, National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
⁴⁹ Neuroscience Research Group (NEUROS), Neurovitae Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
⁵⁰ Behcet's Disease Unit, Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁵¹ Division of Rheumatology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
⁵² University Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
⁵³ Division of Gastroenterology, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Vincenzo Cervello, Palermo, Italy.
⁵⁴ Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Rare Diseases and Periodic Fevers Research Centre, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
⁵⁵ Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Cracovia, 50, 00133 Rome, Italy.
⁵⁶ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
⁵⁷ Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.
⁵⁸ Division of Rheumatology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Rome, Italy.
⁵⁹ Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Rome, Italy.
⁶⁰ Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
⁶¹ Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
⁶² Pediatric Unit, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Milan, Italy.
⁶³ UOSD Reumatologia, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy.
⁶⁴ Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy; Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Department of Childhood and Developmental Medicine, Fatebenefratelli-Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy.
⁶⁵ Department of Rheumatology, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
⁶⁶ Bioengineering and Biomedical Data Science Lab, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory, and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.
⁶⁷ Unit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical, Surgical and NeuroSciences and of Radiological Sciences, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory, and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.
⁶⁸ Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory, and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.
⁶⁹ Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory, and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy. Electronic address: cantariniluca@hotmail.com.

PMID: 39549971
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2024.105819

Free article

Influence of gender on Behçet's disease phenotype and irreversible organ damage: Data from the International AIDA Network Behçet's Disease Registry

Jurgen Sota et al. Joint Bone Spine. 2025 Mar.

Free article

. 2025 Mar;92(2):105819.

doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2024.105819. Epub 2024 Nov 15.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory, and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.
² Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Faculty of Medicine, Newgiza University, 6th of October City, Egypt.
³ Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), Policlinic Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
⁵ Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gazi University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
⁶ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁷ Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
⁸ Rheumatology Division, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
⁹ DiBrain department, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
¹⁰ Rheumatology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
¹¹ Joint Academic Rheumatology Program, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Athens, Greece.
¹² Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public health, University and AOU of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
¹³ Rheumatology Unit, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
¹⁴ Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Anna-Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
¹⁵ Academic Rheumatology Center, Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy.
¹⁶ University of L'Aquila, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, Internal Medicine and Nephrology Division, ASL1 Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy.
¹⁷ Autoinflammatory Diseases Clinical Unit, Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Center of the European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA), Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁸ Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
¹⁹ Rheumatology Department, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Fondazione, University of Pavia, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Pavia, Italy.
²⁰ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey; Behçet's Disease Research Center, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
²¹ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey.
²² Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Spedali Civili and Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Brescia, Italy.
²³ Rheumatology, Immunology and Clinical Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy.
²⁴ Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt.
²⁵ Internal Medicine Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia.
²⁶ Department of Precision Medicine, Università Degli Studi Della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy.
²⁷ Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Clinical Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, Cattinara University Hospital, Trieste, Italy; Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
²⁸ Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Verona, Italy.
²⁹ Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty, Sivas, Turkey.
³⁰ U.O.C. Reumatologia, Ospedale San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy.
³¹ Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
³² Rheumatology and Internal Medicine Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
³³ Unit of Pediatric Rheumatology, Azienda Socio-Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Gaetano Pini-Centro Specialistico Ortopedico Traumatologico (CTO), Milan, Italy.
³⁴ U.O. Medicina Generale, Ospedale San Paolo di Civitavecchia, ASL Roma 4, Civitavecchia, Rome, Italy.
³⁵ Pediatric Clinic, University of Brescia and Spedali Civili di Brescia [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory, and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Brescia, Italy.
³⁶ Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
³⁷ Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
³⁸ Pediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria (AOU) G Martino, Messina, Italy.
³⁹ Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Central Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.
⁴⁰ UOC Medicina Interna, Ambulatorio di Reumatologia, ARNAS Civico Di Cristina Benfratelli, Palermo, Italy.
⁴¹ Rheumatology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Firenze, Italy.
⁴² Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
⁴³ Rheumatology Unit, Ospedale Sacco, Milan, Italy.
⁴⁴ Department of Paediatrics, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
⁴⁵ Section of Clinical Immunology, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), World Allergy Organisation Center of Excellence, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
⁴⁶ Department of Ophthalmology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital (FJD), Madrid, Spain.
⁴⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Giovanni XXIII Pediatric Hospital, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
⁴⁸ Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumonology, Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of National Defense, Military Institute of Medicine, National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
⁴⁹ Neuroscience Research Group (NEUROS), Neurovitae Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Translational Medicine (IMT), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia.
⁵⁰ Behcet's Disease Unit, Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁵¹ Division of Rheumatology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.
⁵² University Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
⁵³ Division of Gastroenterology, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Vincenzo Cervello, Palermo, Italy.
⁵⁴ Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Rare Diseases and Periodic Fevers Research Centre, Università Cattolica Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
⁵⁵ Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Cracovia, 50, 00133 Rome, Italy.
⁵⁶ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Dokuz Eylül University, School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey.
⁵⁷ Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey.
⁵⁸ Division of Rheumatology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Rome, Italy.
⁵⁹ Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Polo Pontino, Rome, Italy.
⁶⁰ Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
⁶¹ Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
⁶² Pediatric Unit, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Milan, Italy.
⁶³ UOSD Reumatologia, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania, Italy.
⁶⁴ Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Fatebenefratelli Hospital, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy; Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Department of Childhood and Developmental Medicine, Fatebenefratelli-Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy.
⁶⁵ Department of Rheumatology, Evangelismos General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
⁶⁶ Bioengineering and Biomedical Data Science Lab, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory, and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.
⁶⁷ Unit of Diagnostic Imaging, Department of Medical, Surgical and NeuroSciences and of Radiological Sciences, University of Siena, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory, and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.
⁶⁸ Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory, and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy.
⁶⁹ Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena and Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese [European Reference Network (ERN) for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory, and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) Center], Siena, Italy. Electronic address: cantariniluca@hotmail.com.

PMID: 39549971
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2024.105819

Abstract

Objectives: Gender impact on phenotypical expression of Behçet's disease (BD) has been specifically investigated only in a few large-scale studies. The main goal of the study was to examine gender differences in a large cohort of patients affected by BD.

Methods: Data were retrieved from the International AIDA Network Registry for BD. We assessed differences between males and females in terms of Behçet's syndrome Overall Damage Index (BODI), differences in the disease manifestations at onset and in the cumulative manifestations throughout disease course, as well as differences in the cardiovascular risk. Finally, predictive factors leading to major organ involvement were investigated.

Results: In total, 1024 BD patients (567 males, 457 females) were enrolled in the study, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.24/1. Males displayed a significantly higher mean±SD BODI (1.92±2.09) at the last follow-up, compared to female patients (1.25±1.87) (P<0.0001). Uveitis (P<0.0001) and vascular involvement (P=0.0076) were significantly more frequent among males whereas female patients were significantly over-represented in arthralgia (P<0.0001), arthritis (P=0.00025), isolated headache (P<0.0001), central nervous system (CNS) involvement (P=0.040), and gastrointestinal involvement (P=0.00046). Regarding cardiovascular risk, no differences between the two groups emerged (P=0.617). Four variables were associated with the development of major organ involvement: male gender (OR=2.104, P=0.001), current treatment with biologic agents (OR=2.257, P=0.0003), origin from endemic countries (OR=2.661, P=0.0009), and disease duration (OR=1.002, P=0.024).

Conclusion: BD displays a more severe course among males. This subgroup develops more irreversible damage and presents more frequently ocular and vascular involvement during disease course. On the other hand, female patients are prone to experience articular involvement, headache, CNS and gastrointestinal involvement. These data suggest the existence of a gender-driven disease expression.

Keywords: Autoinflammatory; Behçet's disease; Gender; Organ damage; Registry.

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Influence of gender on Behçet's disease phenotype and irreversible organ damage: Data from the International AIDA Network Behçet's Disease Registry

Affiliations

Influence of gender on Behçet's disease phenotype and irreversible organ damage: Data from the International AIDA Network Behçet's Disease Registry

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

MeSH terms

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Medical