Recommendations for the management of patients with type 2 diabetes at hospital discharge after an ischaemic cardiovascular event

Abstract

The document outlines recommendations for the management of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at hospital discharge following an ischaemic cardiovascular event. Diabetes significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular events, and a high proportion of patients in coronary units have this condition. The discharge process is crucial for optimising treatments and reducing the risk of recurrent complications such as reinfarction, stroke, and hospitalisations for heart failure. Strategies include rigorous control of lipid levels, recommending potent statins combined with ezetimibe and, if necessary, other drugs such as inclisiran, evolocumab, alirocumab, or bempedoic acid. Optimal antihypertensive treatment is also suggested as secondary prevention. For patients already on insulin, it is essential to adjust the dosage when adding SGLT-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) or GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) to avoid hypoglycaemia, with structured glucose monitoring. In cases where HbA1c is not available during hospitalisation, the algorithm guides treatment, highlighting that GLP-1RA and SGLT2i do not cause hypoglycaemia. The combination of these drugs is safe and effective, improving several cardiovascular risk factors. The document emphasises the importance of education on nutrition and healthy habits, as well as the follow-up and adjustment of pharmacological treatments to achieve adequate metabolic control and reduce cardiovascular risks. Nutritional evaluation and control are essential, considering obesity as a critical factor in T2D and its association with the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Hipercolesterolemia; Hipertensión arterial; Hypercholesterolemia; Hypertension; Prevención secundaria; Secondary prevention.