Neonatal Seizures: New Evidence, Classification, and Guidelines

Julie Ziobro¹, Betsy Pilon², Courtney J Wusthoff^{3

4}, Giulia M Benedetti¹, Shavonne L Massey^{5

6}, Elissa Yozawitz⁷, Adam L Numis^{8

9}, Ronit Pressler¹⁰, Renée A Shellhaas¹¹

Affiliations

¹ Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
² Hope for HIE, West Bloomfield, MI, USA.
³ Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
⁴ Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
⁵ Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
⁶ Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
⁷ Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology, Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
⁸ Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
⁹ Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
¹¹ Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.

PMID: 39554267
PMCID: PMC11562284
DOI: 10.1177/15357597241253382

Review

Neonatal Seizures: New Evidence, Classification, and Guidelines

Julie Ziobro et al. Epilepsy Curr. 2024.

. 2024 May 22:15357597241253382.

doi: 10.1177/15357597241253382. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Julie Ziobro¹, Betsy Pilon², Courtney J Wusthoff^{3

4}, Giulia M Benedetti¹, Shavonne L Massey^{5

6}, Elissa Yozawitz⁷, Adam L Numis^{8

9}, Ronit Pressler¹⁰, Renée A Shellhaas¹¹

Affiliations

¹ Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
² Hope for HIE, West Bloomfield, MI, USA.
³ Department of Neurology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
⁴ Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
⁵ Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
⁶ Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
⁷ Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology, Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA.
⁸ Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
⁹ Department of Pediatrics, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
¹⁰ Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
¹¹ Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.

PMID: 39554267
PMCID: PMC11562284
DOI: 10.1177/15357597241253382

Abstract

Neonates are susceptible to seizures due to their unique physiology and combination of risks associated with gestation, delivery, and the immediate postnatal period. Advances in neonatal care have improved outcomes for some of our most fragile patients, but there are persistent challenges for epileptologists in identifying neonatal seizures, diagnosing etiologies, and providing the most appropriate care, with an ultimate goal to maximize patient outcomes. In just the last few years, there have been critical advances in the state of the science, as well as new evidence-based guidelines for diagnosis, classification, and treatment of neonatal seizures. This review will provide updated knowledge about the pathophysiology of neonatal seizures, classification of the provoked seizures and neonatal epilepsies, state of the art guidance on EEG monitoring in the neonatal ICU, current treatment guidelines for neonatal seizures, and potential for future advancement in treatment.

Keywords: EEG; guidelines; hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy; neonatal neurology; neonatal seizures; neuromonitoring; phenobarbital.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

References

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Neonatal Seizures: New Evidence, Classification, and Guidelines

Affiliations

Neonatal Seizures: New Evidence, Classification, and Guidelines

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

References

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources