Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Nov 1:11:1468284.
doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1468284. eCollection 2024.

Relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the atherogenic index of plasma: a study based on NHANES database 2011-2018

Tingting Hu  1 , Ying Zhang  2 , Zhu Chen  3 , Jun Su  4
Affiliations

Relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the atherogenic index of plasma: a study based on NHANES database 2011-2018

Tingting Hu et al. Front Nutr. .

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in individuals aged 20 years and above, as well as analyze potential influencing factors.

Methods: A total of 9,637 participants aged 20 years and above from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2011 and 2018 were included in this study. The AIP was calculated using the formula log[triglycerides (TG)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)]. Due to the skewed distribution of serum vitamin D levels in the study population, a normal transformation was performed. Weighted multivariate linear regression models were used to assess the linear relationship between the transformed serum vitamin D levels and AIP. Subgroup analysis was conducted by stratifying the data based on age, gender, and race to evaluate the stability of the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and AIP in different populations. In addition, a smooth curve fitting and generalized linear models were employed to examine the nonlinear relationship between serum vitamin D levels and AIP.

Results: After controlling for confounding factors, the multivariate linear regression analysis revealed a negative correlation between serum vitamin D levels and AIP [β = -0.0065, 95% CI: (-0.0106, -0.0024)]. This negative correlation was significant in male participants [β = -0.0077, 95% CI: (-0.0142, -0.0011)], Non-Hispanic Black participants [β = -0.0135, 95% CI: (-0.0211, -0.0059)], as well as participants aged 40-50 [β = -0.0124, 95% CI: (-0.0226, -0.0022)] and 60-70 [β = -0.0118, 95% CI: (-0.0214, -0.0023)]. Furthermore, a nonlinear relationship and saturation effect were observed between the transformed serum vitamin D levels and AIP, with a turning point at 8.5617 nmol/L.

Conclusion: Our study revealed a significant negative correlation and saturation effect between serum vitamin D levels and AIP.

Keywords: NHANES; arteriosclerosis index of plasma; cardiovascular disease; saturation effect; vitamin D.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Baseline characteristics of participants.
Figure 2
Figure 2
(A) Histogram of serum vitamin D distribution; (B) Histogram of serum vitamin D distribution after normalization transformation(Vitamin D.BC).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Association between vitamin D.BC and AIP (The solid red line represents the smooth curve fit between variables. Blue bands represent the 95% confidence interval from the fit).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Patoulias D, Stavropoulos K, Imprialos K, Athyros V, Grassos H, Doumas M, et al. . Inflammatory markers in cardiovascular disease; lessons learned and future perspectives. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. (2021) 19:323–42. doi: 10.2174/1570161118666200318104434, PMID: - DOI - PubMed
    1. Faa G, Cau R, Ravarino A, Canino A, Van Eyken P, Fraschini M, et al. . Lessons from autopsy: Topographical variability of atherosclerosis plaques. J Public Health Res. (2024) 13:22799036241249659. doi: 10.1177/22799036241249659, PMID: - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Rafieian-Kopaei M, Setorki M, Doudi M, Baradaran A, Nasri H. Atherosclerosis: process, indicators, risk factors and new hopes. Int J Prev Med. (2014) 5:927–46. PMID: - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bennett AL, Lavie CJ. Vitamin D Metabolism and the Implications for Atherosclerosis. Adv Exp Med Biol. (2017) 996:185–92. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-56017-5_15 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Tuncel G, Temel SG, Ergoren MC. Strong association between VDR FokI (rs2228570) gene variant and serum vitamin D levels in Turkish Cypriots. Mol Biol Rep. (2019) 46:3349–55. doi: 10.1007/s11033-019-04796-6, PMID: - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources