Factors Influencing Domestic Human Trafficking in Africa: Protocol for a Scoping Review

Abstract

Background: Human trafficking is a human rights violation in every region of the world. The African continent is not spared. Every year, millions of people experience significant health and social consequences. International organizations and governments combating human trafficking are hindered by a lack of knowledge about what factors influence domestic (within-country) human trafficking.

Objective: This study aims to conduct a scoping review to collate and synthesize literature on factors influencing domestic trafficking in Africa.

Methods: We will follow Arksey and O'Malley's framework to answer the question about reported influences on domestic human trafficking and their relative weight. The search strategy will explore PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus. A total of 2 independent researchers will select quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods studies that examine relationships influencing domestic human trafficking. We will document our results by following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. We will extract a list of all reported relationships between identified factors influencing domestic human trafficking in each study. Based on a discourse analysis approach, we will weigh the strengths of the relationships based on how frequently they are reported across the included studies. We will summarize the findings as fuzzy cognitive maps depicting the relationships reported in the literature. The maps represent the influences between concepts (nodes) linked by arrows (edges) going from each cause to its outcomes. These maps are helpful visual summaries of the factors associated with domestic human trafficking, allowing a comparison with maps to be created by stakeholder groups.

Results: This project received financial support in March 2023. We expect to start the project in March 2024. We recruited 2 research staff members to conduct the scoping review and expect to publish the results in March 2025.

Conclusions: The review will provide a comprehensive understanding of factors influencing domestic human trafficking in Africa. The overlap of human trafficking with other forms of exploitation, the limited literature on domestic human trafficking, and the likely diversity of factors are challenges for the review. We propose strategies to address these challenges.

International registered report identifier (irrid): PRR1-10.2196/56392.

Keywords: Africa; discourse analysis; domestic human trafficking; exploitation; fuzzy cognitive map; human rights violation; human trafficking; modern slavery; protocol; scoping review protocol; trafficking.

Figure 1

PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) flowchart template. For the “Records identified from” section, we will report the number of records identified from each database or register searched (rather than the total number across all databases or registers). For the “Records excluded” section, if automation tools were used, we will indicate how many records were excluded by a human and how many were excluded by automation tools.

Figure 2

An example of a fuzzy cognitive map.