Association between periodontitis and cardiometabolic index (CMI): a study from NHANES 2009-2014

Abstract

Cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a novel anthropometric metric that integrates lipid and adiposity characteristics. The correlation between periodontitis development and CMI is ambiguous. The objective of this study was to establish the association between CMI and periodontitis by analyzing data from the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) database. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a cohort of 6188 people selected from the NHANES database, covering the period from 2009 to 2014. The study employed multivariate logistic regression to examine the independent correlation between CMI and periodontitis. Subgroup data were analyzed and interaction tests were conducted to assess the impact of variables on the correlation between CMI and periodontitis. The CMI index was significantly and positively associated with the presence of periodontitis (β = 0.03, 95%CI(0.01, 0.05), p = 0.0092). In addition, a U-shaped relationship was found between CMI index and periodontitis severity in an older American population (65 < = age < = 80, with a folding point of 1.44, p = 0.008). This study demonstrates a significant correlation between CMI and periodontitis, positioning CMI as a crucial indicator for assessing periodontal health. Future efforts should prioritize oral hygiene interventions for patients with elevated CMI levels to facilitate early intervention and enhance overall health outcomes.

Keywords: Cardiometabolic index (CMI); Cross-sectional study; NHANES; Periodontitis.

Fig. 1

Flowchart of participant selection. NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; TG, triglycerides; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio.

Fig. 2

The association between CMI and periodontitis. The solid red line represents the smooth curve fit between variables. Blue bands represent the 95% confidence interval from the fit. CMI, cardiometabolic Index.

Fig. 3

The association between CMI and periodontitis stratified by age. CMI, cardiometabolic Index. Age was segmented into four categories based on quartiles: AGE( > = 30,<41) Q1, AGE( > = 41,<53) Q2, AGE( > = 53,<65) Q3, AGE( > = 65,<=80) Q4.

Fig. 4

The association between CMI and periodontitis stratified by gender. CMI, cardiometabolic Index. Gender was classified as either male(1) or female(2).

Fig. 5

The association between CMI and periodontitis stratified by diabetes. CMI, cardiometabolic Index. Diabetes status was classified into three categories: Yes(1), No(2), or Borderline(3), based on a doctor’s diagnosis.

Fig. 6

The association between CMI and periodontitis stratified by alcohol consumption. CMI, cardiometabolic Index. Participants were categorized into four groups based on their alcohol consumption frequency over the past 12 months: non-drinkers (< 1), light drinkers ( > = 1, < 10), moderate drinkers ( > = 10, < 20), and heavy drinkers ( > = 20).