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. 2024 Nov 18;24(1):3199.
doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-20701-8.

Undiagnosed hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the Tabari cohort: a population-based study

Mahmood Moosazadeh  1 , Pedram Ebrahimnejad  2 , Mehrnoush Sohrab  3 , Alireza Rafiei  4 , Mahdi Abastabar  5 , Maryam Khazaee-Pool  6 , Shamim Mahboubi  7 , Motahareh Kheradmand  8
Affiliations

Undiagnosed hypertension and diabetes mellitus in the Tabari cohort: a population-based study

Mahmood Moosazadeh et al. BMC Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Undiagnosed hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are major public health challenges worldwide. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of undiagnosed HTN and DM, and their correlates, in a large-scale population-based cohort study.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data collected during the enrollment phase of the Tabari Cohort study (TCS) were utilized. Data were collected in the TCS using a standard questionnaire, blood collection, and measurement of anthropometric indices and blood pressure. Data were analyzed using the chi-squared test and univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Undiagnosed HTN included those who were not aware of HTN at the time of enrollment but had systolic and diastolic blood pressures ≥ 140 mm or ≥ 90 mmHg, respectively. Undiagnosed DM included participants who were unaware of their DM at the time of enrollment and had FBS levels ≥ 126 mg/dL.

Results: The total prevalence of undiagnosed HTN and DM were 5% (508) and 4.7% (485), respectively. The findings of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that young age (OR: 0.40, P < 0.001), residents of urban regions (OR: 0.70, P = 0.03), lower Body Mass Index kg/m2 (BMI) (OR: 0.51, P = 0.002), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)(OR: 0.70, P = 0.023), total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 200 mg/dL (OR: 0.1.83, P < 0.001), lack of history of DM (OR: 0.38,P < 0.001), cardiovascular diseases (CVD)(OR: 0.12, P < 0.001), and lack of a positive family history of HTN in first-(OR: 0.39, P < 0.001) and second-degree(OR: 0.56, P = 0.009) relatives were the main predictors of undiagnosed HTN. Accordingly, male sex(OR: 0.52, P = 0.004), young age(OR: 0.28, P < 0.001), residence in urban regions(OR: 0.30, P < 0.001), BMI ≥ 30 (OR: 1.51, P = 0.044), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ≥ 130 mg/dL (OR:1.93, P < 0.001), TC ≥ 200 mg/dL (95% CI, 1.47-2.51, P < 0.001), positive history of chronic kidney disease (OR:1.39, P = 0.010 ), and lack of family history of first-(OR: 0.38, P < 0.001) and second-degree (OR: 0.62, P < 0.015) DM were the main predictors of undiagnosed DM.

Conclusion: Overall, younger participants, those residing in urban areas, those with TC ≥ 200 mg/dL, and those without a positive family history of HTN or DM were at a greater risk of undiagnosed HTN/DM.

Keywords: Prevalence; Tabari cohort population; Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus; Undiagnosed hypertension.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate This article is the result of two studies entitled the prevalence of undiagnosed HTN in the Tabari cohort population and the prevalence of undiagnosed DM in the Tabari cohort population, both of which were approved by the Research Ethics Committees of Mazandran University of Medical Sciences (Approval ID: IR.MAZUMS.REC.1402.603 and IR.MAZUMS.REC.1402.604, respectively ). Informed consent was obtained from all participants of TCS. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests.

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