Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Oct 19;16(10):e71841.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.71841. eCollection 2024 Oct.

Effect of Indigofera aspalathoides on the Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase During 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-Induced Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinogenesis

Philips Abraham  1 , Sachu Philip  2 , Salman Azad Mohammed  3 , Hafsa Mohammed Unni  3
Affiliations

Effect of Indigofera aspalathoides on the Expression of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase During 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-Induced Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinogenesis

Philips Abraham et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Background: The mechanisms of inflammation and carcinogenesis are significantly influenced by nitric oxide (NO). Three different kinds of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) have been previously found: neuronal NOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and endothelial NOS.

Objectives: This study looked into the properties of iNOS in hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis caused by 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA).

Methods: Thirty outbred young male Syrian golden hamsters, aged six weeks, were split into five groups at random: control (n=6), administered with ethanolic extract (n=6), DMBA+EIA (ethanolic Indigofera aspalathoides) (n=6), 0.5% solution of DMBA in liquid paraffin (n=6), and DMBA alone (n=6).

Result: In the group treated with DMBA, the mean quantity of iNOS positive foci per section was roughly 12.2+/-4.7. The DMBA-treated pouch keratinocytes showed both nuclear and cytoplasmic stainings. Neither the mineral oil-treated nor the untreated pouches (n=10) showed any signs of iNOS activity.

Conclusion: In conclusion, this work has shown that hamster pouch carcinomas induced by DMBA express iNOS. This finding raises the possibility that the emergence of chemically induced oral carcinomas is linked to iNOS expression.

Keywords: carcinoma; dmba; indigofera aspalathoides; inos; keratinocytes; nitric oxide.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Human subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve human participants or tissue. Animal subjects: Annamalai University Issued protocol number 474–160/1999/CPCSEA. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Syrian golden hamsters used in the study
Figure 2
Figure 2. Immunoexpression pattern of p53 proteins observed buccal mucosa
p53: tumor protein p53
Figure 3
Figure 3. Immunoexpression pattern of pCNA proteins
pCNA: proliferating cell nuclear antigen
Figure 4
Figure 4. iNOS expression in experimental hamsters
iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase
Figure 5
Figure 5. Immunoexpression pattern of VEGF proteins
VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

References

    1. NEW: Haschek and Rousseaux's Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology, Volume 1: Principles and Practice of Toxicologic Pathology, 4th Edition - 2021. Haschek-Hock WM, Rousseaux CG, Wallig MA, Bolon B. Int J Toxicol. 2022;41:253–254. - PubMed
    1. Angiogenic signaling pathways and anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer. Liu ZL, Chen HH, Zheng LL, Sun LP, Shi L. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8:198. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Pathological angiogenesis: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Dudley AC, Griffioen AW. Angiogenesis. 2023;26:313–347. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Angiogenesis in cancer. Nishida N, Yano H, Nishida T, Kamura T, Kojiro M. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17326328/ Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2006;2:213–219. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor (VEGFR) signaling in angiogenesis: a crucial target for anti- and pro-angiogenic therapies. Shibuya M. Genes Cancer. 2011;2:1097–1105. - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources