Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2024 Nov 13:2024:9286774.
doi: 10.1155/2024/9286774. eCollection 2024.

Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Clinical and Psychological Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Ghana: A Secondary Analysis of a Cross-Sectional Study

V Boima  1 , E Yorke  1 , V Ganu  2 , L Twumasi  3 , G Ekem-Ferguson  4 , D Dey  1 , I A Kretchy  5 , K Agyabeng  6 , C C Mate-Kole  3   4
Affiliations

Prevalence of Hypertension and Its Clinical and Psychological Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Ghana: A Secondary Analysis of a Cross-Sectional Study

V Boima et al. J Diabetes Res. .

Abstract

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is common in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients with both T2DM and HTN have a higher risk of heart disease, kidney disorders, and mortality than those with either HTN or T2DM alone. Patients' psychological well-being plays a significant role in the optimum management of these chronic conditions. This study is aimed at determining the current prevalence of HTN and its related clinical and psychological factors in patients with T2DM. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital with 156 patients diagnosed with T2DM. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. In addition, the following information was obtained from the patients' clinical files: blood pressure, height, weight, waist circumference, serum creatinine, and urine protein. Depression, resilience, and coping skills of the participants were measured using the Brief Symptom Inventory-18, Resilience Scale for Adults, and Brief COPE Inventory, respectively. Data were analyzed using STATA version 18, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The median age of respondents was 62.0 (IQR: 51.50, 67.00) years. The majority was female (76.3%). The prevalence of HTN among the patients with T2DM was 79.9% (95% CI: 72.7-85.9). The average body mass index (BMI) of the patients was 28871kg/m2 with 34.8% and 36.2% being overweight and obese, respectively. The average HBA1C level was 8.6 ± 2.1 with 71.8% of the patients having poor glycemic control. Increasing age, caregiver, and personal resilience were factors significantly associated with HTN (p value of <0.05) among patients with T2DM. Conclusion: The prevalence of HTN among T2DM patients was high; age, caregiver, and personal resilience significantly predicted HTN among T2DM patients. These findings have implications for healthcare providers in implementing strategies to reduce central obesity and incorporating resilience as an important factor in improving treatment outcomes in patients with T2DM.

Keywords: hypertension; prevalence; resilience; risk factors; type 2 diabetes.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

    1. Kearney P. M., Whelton M., Reynolds K., Muntner P., Whelton P. K., He J. Global burden of hypertension: analysis of worldwide data. The Lancet . 2005;365(9455):217–223. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)17741-1. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Lawes C. M., Vander Hoorn S., Law M. R., Elliott P., MacMahon S., Rodgers A. Blood pressure and the global burden of disease 2000. Part II: estimates of attributable burden. Journal of Hypertension . 2006;24(3):423–430. doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000209973.67746.f0. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Haile T. G., Mariye T., Tadesse D. B., Gebremeskel G. G., Asefa G. G., Getachew T. Prevalence of hypertension among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Health . 2023;15(3):235–241. doi: 10.1093/inthealth/ihac060. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Adeniyi O. A., Eniade O. D., Olarinmoye A. T., et al. Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, Nigeria. African Health Sciences . 2023;23(4):324–332. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v23i4.34. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Naseri M. W., Esmat H. A., Bahee M. D. Prevalence of hypertension in Type-2 diabetes mellitus. Annals of Medicine and Surgery . 2022;78, article 103758 doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103758. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources