Influenza, COVID-19, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination Coverage Among Adults - United States, Fall 2024

Abstract

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends annual influenza and COVID-19 vaccination for all persons aged ≥6 months, including adults aged ≥18 years. ACIP also recommends a single lifetime dose of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine for adults aged ≥75 years and for those aged 60-74 years who are at increased risk for severe RSV disease. Data from the National Immunization Survey-Adult COVID Module, a random-digit-dialed cellular telephone survey of U.S. adults aged ≥18 years, are used to monitor influenza, COVID-19, and RSV vaccination coverage. By the week ending November 9, 2024, an estimated 34.7% of adults aged ≥18 years reported having received an influenza vaccine, and 17.9% reported having received a COVID-19 vaccine for the 2024-25 respiratory virus season; 39.7% of adults aged ≥75 years, and 31.6% of adults aged 60-74 years at increased risk for severe RSV, had ever received an RSV vaccine. Coverage varied by jurisdiction and demographic characteristics and was lowest among younger adults and those without health insurance. Although early season estimates indicate that many adults are unprotected from respiratory virus infections, many appeared open to vaccination: overall, approximately 35% and 41% of adults aged ≥18 years reported that they definitely or probably will receive or were unsure about receiving influenza and COVID-19 vaccines, respectively, and 40% of adults aged ≥75 years reported that they definitely or probably will receive or were unsure about receiving RSV vaccine. Health care providers and immunization programs still have time to expand outreach activities and promote vaccination to increase coverage in preparation for the height of the respiratory virus season. Using these data can help health care providers and immunization programs identify undervaccinated populations and understand vaccination patterns to guide planning, implementation, and evaluation of vaccination activities.

FIGURE 1

Weekly influenza, COVID-19, and respiratory syncytial virus vaccination status and vaccination intent among adults — National Immunization Survey-Adult COVID Module, United States, September 1–November 9, 2024 Abbreviation: RSV = respiratory syncytial virus. * Estimates of vaccination coverage were calculated for November 3–9, 2024, using a nondecreasing composite estimation procedure that uses data from all completed interviews during August 18, 2024–November 9, 2024 (influenza vaccination among persons aged ≥18 years, 136,195); September 1, 2024–November 9, 2024 (COVID-19 vaccination among persons aged ≥18 years, 112,040); September 24, 2023–November 9, 2024 (RSV vaccination among persons aged ≥75 years, 79,566); and August 25, 2024–November 9, 2024 (RSV vaccination among persons aged 60–74 years, at increased risk for severe RSV disease, 8,667). ^† Estimates for vaccination intent are based on interviews conducted during November 3–9, 2024, and were adjusted to the cumulative vaccination coverage estimate for that week. Influenza (9,445), COVID-19 (9,439), RSV vaccination intent among persons aged ≥75 years (984), and RSV vaccination intent among adults aged 60–74 years, at increased risk for severe RSV disease (644). ^§ Estimates for influenza and COVID-19 vaccination coverage and vaccination intent are among adults aged ≥18 years. Estimates for RSV vaccination coverage and intent are among adults aged ≥75 years and 60–74 years at increased risk for severe RSV disease. A respondent was considered to be at increased risk for severe RSV disease based on previously defined criteria: chronic lung diseases, diabetes with insulin use, heart conditions, immunocompromised state, solid organ or blood stem cell transplant (including bone marrow transplant), cancer, liver disease, sickle cell disease or thalassemia, or residence in a nursing home. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7332e1.htm#B1_down

FIGURE 2

Influenza (A), COVID-19 (B), and respiratory syncytial virus (C and D) vaccination status and vaccination intent among adults, by demographic characteristics^,— National Immunization Survey-Adult COVID Module, United States, November 3–9, 2024 Abbreviations: AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native; NH/OPI = Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander; RSV = respiratory syncytial virus. * Estimates of vaccination coverage were calculated for November 3–9, 2024, using a nondecreasing composite estimation procedure that uses data from all completed interviews during August 18, 2024–November 9, 2024 (influenza vaccination among persons aged ≥18 years, 136,195); September 1, 2024–November 9, 2024 (COVID-19 vaccination among persons aged ≥18 years, 112,040); September 24, 2023–November 9, 2024 (RSV vaccination among persons aged ≥75 years, 79,566); and August 25, 2024–November 9, 2024 (RSV vaccination among persons aged 60–74 years, at increased risk for severe RSV disease, 8,667). ^† Estimates for vaccination intent are based on interviews conducted during November 3–9, 2024, and were adjusted to the cumulative vaccination coverage estimate for that week. Influenza (9,445), COVID-19 (9,439), RSV intent among adults aged ≥75 years (984), and RSV vaccination intent among persons aged 60–74 years, at increased risk for severe RSV disease (644). Estimates for vaccination or vaccination intent are not shown for groups with sample size <30. ^§ Estimates presented for influenza and COVID-19 vaccination coverage and vaccination intent are among adults aged ≥18 years. Estimates for RSV vaccination and intent are among adults aged ≥75 years and adults aged 60–74 years who are at increased risk for severe RSV disease. A respondent was considered to be at increased risk for severe RSV disease based on previously defined criteria: chronic lung diseases, diabetes with insulin use, heart conditions, immunocompromised state, solid organ or blood stem cell transplant (including bone marrow transplant), cancer, liver disease, sickle cell disease or thalassemia, or residence in a nursing home. https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7332e1.htm#B1_down ^¶ Persons of Hispanic or Latino (Hispanic) origin might be of any race but are categorized as Hispanic; all racial groups are non-Hispanic. ** Estimates are not shown for groups with sample size <30.