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Review
. 2024 Oct 21;16(10):e72076.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.72076. eCollection 2024 Oct.

HIV-Associated Pseudoaneurysms: A Comprehensive Review

Umar Magid  1 , Hanifa Ismail  2 , Maheen Zahid  3 , Khatab W Ahmad  4 , Muhammad Ahmad  3 , Hashir Nazir  3 , Abdullah K Alassiri  5 , Osman S Ahmed  6 , Amr T Bakhit  7 , Tehseen Raza  3
Affiliations
Review

HIV-Associated Pseudoaneurysms: A Comprehensive Review

Umar Magid et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

A pseudoaneurysm (PSA) is a contained vascular rupture that typically occurs following catheterization, at the anastomotic site between a native artery and a synthetic graft, post-trauma, or as a result of infection. It is characterized by a hematoma surrounded by tissue, often emerging as a complication of invasive arterial interventions. In patients with HIV/AIDS, PSAs can develop due to vessel wall disruption caused by chronic inflammation, opportunistic infections (such as cytomegalovirus or tuberculosis), or the direct effects of the virus, leading to abnormal blood flow into a chamber confined by adjacent tissue. The clinical presentation of PSAs varies based on their size and location. Diagnosis can be achieved through ultrasonography with color Doppler, contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), or digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Treatment modalities include surgery, ultrasound-guided compression, thrombin injection, and endovascular techniques. This review discusses the pathophysiology, histology, diagnosis, and therapeutic options for HIV-related PSAs. Additionally, risk factors and rare complications associated with PSAs are explored in detail.

Keywords: arterial disease; artery pseudoaneurysm; hiv aids; pathogenesis; vascular complications.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.

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