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Review
. 2024 Sep 16;11(4):330-343.
doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1790230. eCollection 2024 Dec.

Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of FGFR Gene-Altered Solid Tumors

Chunwei Xu  1   2 , Bin Lian  3 , Juanjuan Ou  4 , Qian Wang  5 , Wenxian Wang  6 , Ke Wang  7   8 , Dong Wang  2 , Zhengbo Song  6 , Aijun Liu  9 , Jinpu Yu  10 , Wenzhao Zhong  11 , Zhijie Wang  12 , Yongchang Zhang  13 , Jingjing Liu  14 , Shirong Zhang  15 , Xiuyu Cai  16 , Anwen Liu  17 , Wen Li  18 , Lili Mao  3 , Ping Zhan  2 , Hongbing Liu  2 , Tangfeng Lv  2 , Liyun Miao  19 , Lingfeng Min  20 , Yu Chen  21 , Jingping Yuan  22 , Feng Wang  23 , Zhansheng Jiang  24 , Gen Lin  21 , Long Huang  17 , Xingxiang Pu  25 , Rongbo Lin  21 , Weifeng Liu  26 , Chuangzhou Rao  27 , Dongqing Lv  28 , Zongyang Yu  29 , Xiaoyan Li  30 , Chuanhao Tang  31 , Chengzhi Zhou  32 , Junping Zhang  33 , Junli Xue  34 , Hui Guo  35 , Qian Chu  36 , Rui Meng  37 , Jingxun Wu  38 , Rui Zhang  39 , Jin Zhou  40 , Zhengfei Zhu  41 , Yongheng Li  42 , Hong Qiu  36 , Fan Xia  41 , Yuanyuan Lu  43 , Xiaofeng Chen  44 , Rui Ge  45 , Enyong Dai  46 , Yu Han  47 , Weiwei Pan  48 , Fei Pang  49 , Jintao Huang  49 , Kai Wang  49 , Fan Wu  50 , Bingwei Xu  51 , Liping Wang  52 , Youcai Zhu  53 , Li Lin  31 , Yanru Xie  54 , Xinqing Lin  32 , Jing Cai  17 , Ling Xu  55 , Jisheng Li  56 , Xiaodong Jiao  57 , Kainan Li  58 , Jia Wei  59 , Huijing Feng  33 , Lin Wang  60 , Yingying Du  61 , Wang Yao  62 , Xuefei Shi  63 , Xiaomin Niu  64 , Dongmei Yuan  2 , Yanwen Yao  2 , Jianhui Huang  54 , Yue Feng  65 , Yinbin Zhang  66 , Pingli Sun  67 , Hong Wang  68 , Mingxiang Ye  2 , Zhaofeng Wang  2 , Yue Hao  6 , Zhen Wang  69 , Bin Wan  70 , Donglai Lv  71 , Zhanqiang Zhai  53 , Shengjie Yang  72 , Jing Kang  11 , Jiatao Zhang  11 , Chao Zhang  11 , Lin Shi  73 , Yina Wang  74 , Bihui Li  75 , Zhang Zhang  76 , Zhongwu Li  77 , Zhefeng Liu  68 , Nong Yang  13 , Lin Wu  25 , Huijuan Wang  78 , Gu Jin  79 , Guansong Wang  80 , Jiandong Wang  81 , Meiyu Fang  6 , Yong Fang  82 , Yuan Li  83 , Xiaojia Wang  6 , Jing Chen  37 , Yiping Zhang  6 , Xixu Zhu  69 , Yi Shen  84 , Shenglin Ma  85 , Biyun Wang  86 , Lu Si  3 , Yuanzhi Lu  87 , Ziming Li  64 , Wenfeng Fang  88 , Yong Song  2
Affiliations
Review

Expert Consensus on the Diagnosis and Treatment of FGFR Gene-Altered Solid Tumors

Chunwei Xu et al. Glob Med Genet. .

Abstract

The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) is a crucial receptor tyrosine kinase involved in essential biological processes, including growth, development, and tissue repair. However, FGFR gene mutations, including amplification, fusion, and mutation, can disrupt epigenetics, transcriptional regulation, and tumor microenvironment interactions, leading to cancer development. Targeting these kinase mutations with small molecule drugs or antibodies has shown clinical benefits. For example, erdafitinib is approved for treating locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer patients with FGFR2/FGFR3 mutations, and pemigatinib is approved for treating cholangiocarcinoma with FGFR2 fusion/rearrangement. Effective screening of FGFR variant patients is crucial for the clinical application of FGFR inhibitors. Various detection methods, such as polymerase chain reaction, next-generation sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry, are available, and their selection should be based on diagnostic and treatment decision-making needs. Our developed expert consensus aims to standardize the diagnosis and treatment process for FGFR gene mutations and facilitate the practical application of FGFR inhibitors in clinical practice.

Keywords: precision medicine; solid tumors; targeted therapy; tyrosine receptor kinase.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest None declared.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The structure of FGFR1/2/3/4 gene coding region. Ig, Immunoglobulin domain; TK, Tyrosine kinase domain.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Variation frequency of FGFR in different cancer types. SNV, single-nucleotide mutation.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Testing process of FGFR. CNV, copy number variation; ctDNA, circulating tumor DNA; FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization; iCCA, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; IHC, immunohistochemistry; NGS, next-generation sequencing; RT-PCR, real-time polymerase chain reaction; SNV, single-nucleotide mutation; UC, urothelial cancer.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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