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. 2024 Nov 6;9(46):45822-45827.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04114. eCollection 2024 Nov 19.

High Abundance of Unusual High Mannose N-Glycans Found in Beans

Chia Yen Liew  1 , Hong-Sheng Luo  1   2 , Jien-Lian Chen  1 , Chi-Kung Ni  1   3
Affiliations

High Abundance of Unusual High Mannose N-Glycans Found in Beans

Chia Yen Liew et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

High mannose N-glycans extracted from eight different beans (black bean, soybean, pea, white kidney bean, pinto bean, mung bean, white hyacinth bean, and red bean) were studied using the state-of-the-art mass spectrometry method logically derived sequence tandem mass spectrometry (LODES/MSn). These beans show very similar N-glycan isomer profiles: one isomer of Man9GlcNAc2 and Man8GlcNAc2, two isomers of Man7GlcNAc2, three isomers of Man6GlcNAc2, and five isomers of Man5GlcNAc2 were found. Isomers not predicted by current N-glycan biosynthetic pathways were found in all beans, indicating the possibility of alternative biosynthetic pathways in these plants. The high abundance of unusual high mannose Man5GlcNAc2 N-glycans in beans is particularly useful for the large-scale preparation of high mannose N-glycans that are not easily found in the other biological systems.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare the following competing financial interest(s): C.Y.L. and C.K.N. are coinventors of a US patent (US 10796788 B2); a part of the method described in the patent for determining the carbohydrate structure was used in this work. All other authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chromatogram of the high mannose N-glycans extracted from red beans. HPLC with a TSKgel Amide-80 column was used to separate N-glycans into different sizes.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Chromatograms and structure assignments of high mannose N-glycans MannGlcNAc2, n = 6–9. HPLC with a PGC column was used to separate N-glycan isomers.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Chromatograms and structure assignments of high mannose N-glycans Man5GlcNAc2. HPLC with PGC column was used to separate N-glycan isomers.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) Current second-stage biosynthetic pathways of multicellular eukaryote N-glycans and (b) proposed second-stage biosynthetic pathways of bean N-glycans based on the observed high mannose N-glycans. The N-glycans labeled by red stars represent the N-glycans not predicted by the current multicellular eukaryote biosynthetic pathways that were found in this study. Arrows in orange and red represent degradation by α-1,3-mannosidases and α-1,6-mannosidases, respectively.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Chromatograms and isomer distribution of high mannose N-glycans extracted from pine nut, rice, corn, pumpkin seed, and walnut.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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