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. 2024 Nov 25;19(11):e0311299.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311299. eCollection 2024.

Number of antenatal care utilization and associated factors among pregnant women in rural Ethiopia: Zero-inflated Poisson regression of 2019 intermediate Ethiopian Demography Health Survey

Bisrat Misganaw Geremew  1 , Yitbarek Fantahun Mariye  2 , Daniel Gashaneh Belay  3 , Hiwot Tezera Endale  4 , Fana Kinfe Gebreegziabher  5 , Habtu Kifle Negash  3
Affiliations

Number of antenatal care utilization and associated factors among pregnant women in rural Ethiopia: Zero-inflated Poisson regression of 2019 intermediate Ethiopian Demography Health Survey

Bisrat Misganaw Geremew et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: About 70% of maternal fatalities (202,000) occurred in Sub-Saharan Africa alone. ANC lowers the morbidity and death rates for mothers and perinatals. The study aimed to determine the number of antenatal care and associated factors in the rural part of Ethiopia.

Methods: We performed secondary data analysis for the 2019 intermediate EDHS, utilizing weighted data from a total of 2896.7 pregnant women. A zero-inflated Poisson regression analysis was executed using Stata version 17.0. Using the incident rate ratio and odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval, the intensity of the link and direction were shown.

Result: From the weighted pregnant women, 1086(37.47%) used four or more antenatal care during the current pregnancy. About 848 (29.29%) women do not attend antenatal care during pregnancy. The highest percentage (29.65%) of antenatal care visits was observed from 25 to 29 age. In comparison to women without formal education, the frequency of prenatal visits was 1.1(IRR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.0425, 1.175) and 1.2 (IRR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.093, 1.308) times higher among women enrolled in primary, and secondary & above education, respectively. Orthodox followers had 13% (IRR = 0.87, 95% CI: .813, 0.935) and 31% (IRR = 0.69, 95% CI: .552, 0.870) times more prenatal care visits than Protestant and other religions' followers, respectively. Prenatal care was substantially more common among women living in wealthy households (IRR = 1.12, 95% CI: 1.051, 1.189). In the zero-inflated model, educational status, household wealth index, region, and religion show significant association with antenatal care service utilization uptake becomes zero.

Conclusion: In rural Ethiopia, the rate of antenatal care service utilization has been lower than the respective current national statistics. A significant proportion of mothers who received antenatal care did not receive enough visits. Living in developing regions, following the Orthodox faith, being educated, and having a better home wealth position reduces the likelihood of skipping antenatal treatment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1. Sampling and exclusion procedures to identify the final sample size in intermediate 2019 EDHS.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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