Changes in Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Status in Dogs Subjected to Celiotomy or Video-Assisted Ovariohysterectomy

Abstract

We evaluated the surgical stress response of dogs undergoing three ovariohysterectomy (OVH) techniques. Twenty-nine healthy females were allocated into groups: celiotomy and ligature (CelioSut), celiotomy and bipolar energy (CelioBip), and a video-assisted technique using two portals and bipolar energy (VidBip). Clinical evaluation was performed, and the following blood analyses were determined: acute phase proteins (C-reactive protein and haptoglobin), white blood cell counting (WBC), and biomarkers of oxidative status. The VidBip required more time despite a smaller incision, lower heart rate, and earlier feeding and urination. All groups had high white blood cells counts; the C-reactive protein (CRP) levels peaked at 6 and 12 h in all groups and was higher in the CelioBip and VidBip groups compared to CelioSut; haptoglobin concentrations peaked at 48 h in all groups and increased in dogs of the CelioSut group. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, ferric reducing ability of plasma, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, and advanced oxidation protein were not significantly different among the groups or time points. Total thiol concentrations were lower in CelioBip and CelioSut groups. All surgical techniques induced an inflammatory and oxidative stress response, but the video-assisted technique produced early clinical recovery. The bipolar device produces fewer disturbances than suspensory ligament rupture and ligature.

Keywords: homeostasis; inflammation; laparoscopy; neutering; oxidative stress.

Figure 1

Total leukocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes median score and eosinophils median score in canines submitted to ovariohysterectomy via celiotomy and ligature (CelioSut; purple lines), celiotomy and bipolar coagulation (CelioBip; green lines), or the video-assisted technique with two ports and bipolar coagulation (VidBip; blue lines) along the evaluation time. Plus (+) means difference between the time-point and the basal time (+, p < 0.05; ++, p < 0.01; +++, p < 0.001).

Figure 2

Haptoglobin (Hp) and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations in canines submitted to ovariohysterectomy via celiotomy and ligature (CelioSut; purple lines), celiotomy and bipolar coagulation (CelioBip; green lines), or the video-assisted technique with two ports and bipolar coagulation (VidBip; blue lines) along the evaluation time. Black asterisk (*) indicates difference between CelioSut and VidBip (p < 0.05). Blue asterisks (**), indicate differences between CelioSut and CelioBip (p ≤ 0,01). Plus (+) means a difference between the time-point and basal time (+, p < 0.05; ++, p < 0.01; +++, p < 0.001).

Figure 3

Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and thiol and the advanced oxidation protein products biomarker (AOPP) concentration in canine submitted to ovariohysterectomy via celiotomy and ligature (CelioSut; purple lines), celiotomy and bipolar coagulation (CelioBip; green lines), or the video-assisted technique with two ports and bipolar coagulation (VidBip; blue lines) immediately before surgery until seven days after. Black asterisks mean difference between CelioSut and VidBip; green asterisks mean difference between CelioBip and VidBip; blue asterisks mean difference between CelioSut and CelioBip (p < 0.05). Plus (+) means difference between the time-point and basal time (+, p < 0.05; ++, p < 0.01; +++, p < 0.001).