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. 2024 Nov 26;14(1):29290.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-80589-7.

Carob fruit extract as naturally products corrosion inhibitor for copper-nickel alloys in brine solutions

Abd El Aziz S Fouda  1 , Mona Nageeb  2 , Ghalia A Gaber  3 , Amal S Ahmed  2 , Ahmed A El-Hossiany  4 , Mohamed F Atia  5
Affiliations

Carob fruit extract as naturally products corrosion inhibitor for copper-nickel alloys in brine solutions

Abd El Aziz S Fouda et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Copper-nickel alloys are the preferred material for desalination facilities and condensers and heat exchangers that use saltwater as a coolant. The eco-friendly compounds especially Carob fruit extract (CFE) has emerged as excessive green corrosion inhibitor for alloys. Cu-Ni alloys are widely used in various industries due to their excellent corrosion resistance. However, their performance can be compromised in aggressive environments like seawater (which is approximately 3.5% NaCl). To evaluate the corrosion behavior of these alloys and the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors, researchers often employ weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and impedance spectroscopy techniques. The results showed that CFE exhibited a good ability to decrease the CR of alloys in 3.5% NaCl solution. The inhibition efficacy (IE) was reached to 92.6% and ̴ 83.2% at 300 ppm dose of CFE for Cu-10Ni alloy and Cu-30Ni alloy, respectively. The CR increases with temperature rising, but the addition of CFE reduces the CR, and the reduction depends on the dose of the extract. Adsorption of the extract gives a good fit to Langmuir, Temkin, and Freundlich isotherms model. The free adsorption energies of CFE on Cu-10Ni and Cu-30Ni alloys were 17.61 and 15.86 kJ mol-1, respectively, suggesting that CFE was weakly held to both alloys. The presence of a protective film on the alloys surface is confirmed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and atomic force microscope (AFM). The study suggests that utilizing affordable, natural substances as green corrosion inhibitors presents a new strategy for promoting both resource efficiency and environmental sustainability.

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Conflict of interest statement

Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The variation of CR on two Cu-Ni alloys liquefaction in NaCl (3.5%) with altered doses of CFE at 298 K after 15 days engagement.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
WL-time curves for Cu-Ni alloys dissolution in NaCl (3.5%) with and without different doses of Carob.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
PDP bends for Cu-Ni alloys liquefaction in NaCl (3.5%) with and without different doses of CFE.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Nyquist bends for Cu-Ni Alloy liquefaction in NaCl 3.5% attendance and without of altered doses of Carob fruit extract, at 298 K.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Langmuir isotherm bends for the dissolution of Cu-Ni alloys in NaCl 3.5% without and existence of altered doses of CFE at 298 K.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
PDP bends for Cu-Ni alloys liquefaction in NaCl (3.5%), at altered temperatures.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
PDP bends for Cu-Ni alloys liquefaction in NaCl (3.5%) with 300 ppm CFE at different temperatures.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
ln CR versus 1/T for Cu-Ni alloys liquefaction in 3.5% NaCl containing 300 ppm CFE at different temperatures.
Fig. 9
Fig. 9
A plot of ln CR/T versus 1/T for Cu-Ni alloys in 3.5% NaCl containing 300 ppm CFE at different temperatures.
Fig. 10
Fig. 10
Surface morphology for Cu-Ni alloys exposed to 3.5 % NaCl solution with 300 ppm CFE.
Fig. 11
Fig. 11
EDX spectra for the Cu-Ni alloys exposed to 3.5 % NaCl solution with 300 ppm CFE.
Fig. 12
Fig. 12
AFM micrograph for Cu-Ni alloys in 3.5 % NaCl without (a) and with 300 ppm of extract.
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