Comparison of muscle activation during quadrupedal movement training and traditional bodyweight exercises

Abstract

Quadrupedal movement training (QMT) is a unique form of bodyweight training shown to improve flexibility, FMS scores, and proprioception, however, little is known about its muscle activation characteristics. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare surface EMG (sEMG) activity of muscles of the trunk, upper, and lower extremity during QMT movements and common traditional bodyweight exercises (TRA). Twenty (males n = 9) participants (age: 27.5 ± 10.8 yrs, height: 169.0 ± 7.0 cm, mass: 66.6 ± 10.9 kg) were prepped and fitted with sEMG electrodes on their right-side bicep brachii, medial deltoid, triceps brachii, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, rectus abdominus, rectus femoris and bicep femoris. Following completion of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) tests for normalization, participants performed 4 repetitions of 8 QMT exercises (from the Animal Flow™ system) and 3 TRA exercises (pushup, squat and forearm plank) in random order. The pooled peak muscle activations of all QMT exercises resulted in moderate (21-40% MVIC) to very high (>60% MVIC) peak muscle activation levels for each muscle group with significantly higher (p > 0.05) muscle activation for the biceps (47.72 ± 21.41%), deltoid (66.58 ± 11.39%), and latissimus dorsi (62.81 ± 18.14%) than the pushup (23.31 ± 16.95, 45.63 ± 18.59, 29.17 ± 20.58% respectively) and significantly higher activation of the bicep femoris (41.89 ± 13.83%) than the squat (17.79 ± 11.12%). TRA (pushup) showed significantly higher activation of the triceps and pectoralis. There were no differences in rectus femoris or rectus abdominus. Muscle activation levels during QMT are comparable to or higher than common traditional bodyweight exercises and therefore may be an appealing strategy for training multiple muscle groups simultaneously.

Keywords: EMG; Lower extremity; Strength training; Trunk muscles; Upper extremity.