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. 2024 Nov 13;11(11):1145.
doi: 10.3390/bioengineering11111145.

Unlocking the Potentials of Large Language Models in Orthodontics: A Scoping Review

Jie Zheng  1 , Xiaoqian Ding  2 , Jingya Jane Pu  3 , Sze Man Chung  2 , Qi Yong H Ai  4 , Kuo Feng Hung  5 , Zhiyi Shan  2
Affiliations

Unlocking the Potentials of Large Language Models in Orthodontics: A Scoping Review

Jie Zheng et al. Bioengineering (Basel). .

Abstract

(1) Background: In recent years, large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have gained significant attention in various fields, including dentistry. This scoping review aims to examine the current applications and explore potential uses of LLMs in the orthodontic domain, shedding light on how they might improve dental healthcare. (2) Methods: We carried out a comprehensive search in five electronic databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest and Web of Science. Two authors independently screened articles and performed data extraction according to the eligibility criteria, following the PRISMA-ScR guideline. The main findings from the included articles were synthesized and analyzed in a narrative way. (3) Results: A total of 706 articles were searched, and 12 papers were eventually included. The applications of LLMs include improving diagnostic and treatment efficiency in orthodontics as well as enhancing communication with patients. (4) Conclusions: There is emerging research in countries worldwide on the use of LLMs in orthodontics, suggesting an upward trend in their acceptance within this field. However, the potential application of LLMs remains in its early stage, with a noticeable lack of extensive studies and tailored products to address specific clinical needs.

Keywords: ChatGPT; Chatbot; GPT; LLMs; artificial intelligence; generative AI; large language models; orthodontics; scoping review.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA-ScR flowchart.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Number of articles distributed by year and methodology.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Country distribution of studies on the use of large language models.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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