Abnormalities of Oocyte Maturation: Mechanisms and Implications

Abstract

The elucidation of oocyte maturation mechanisms is paramount for advancing embryo development within the scope of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Both cytoplasmic and nuclear maturation represent intricate processes governed by tightly regulated cellular pathways, which are essential for ensuring the oocyte's competence for fertilization and subsequent embryogenesis. A comprehensive grasp of these mechanisms is vital, as the maturation stage of the oocyte significantly influences chromosomal integrity, spindle formation, and its ability to support the initial stages of embryonic development. By leveraging this knowledge, we can enhance in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocols, refining ovarian stimulation regimens and culture conditions to improve oocyte quality. This, in turn, has the potential to boost pregnancy rates and outcomes. Further research in this area will contribute to the development of novel interventions that aim to increase the efficacy of preimplantation embryonic development, offering new opportunities for individuals undergoing fertility treatments.

Keywords: abnormalities oocyte maturation; assisted reproductive technologies (ART); in vitro fertilization (IVF); oocyte maturation.

Figure 1

The image illustrates key processes in oocyte maturation. (A) Description of the pathways activating cytoplasmic and nuclear maturation, along with mitochondrial redistribution toward the cortical cytoplasm. (B) Highlights the granulosa cell pathways that regulate and support this maturation.